English
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Etymology
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From Middle English historie , from Old French estoire , estorie ( “ chronicle, history, story ” ) (French histoire ), from Latin historia , from Ancient Greek ἱστορία ( historía , “ learning through research, narration of what is learned ” ) , from ἱστορέω ( historéō , “ to learn through research, to inquire ” ) , from ἵστωρ ( hístōr , “ the one who knows, the expert ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- ( “ see, know ” ) . Compare story .
Attested in Middle English in 1393 by John Gower , Confessio Amantis ,[1] which was aimed at an educated audience familiar with French and Latin.
Pronunciation
enPR : hĭsʹt(ə)rē , hĭsʹtrĭ , IPA (key ) : /ˈhɪst(ə)ɹi/ , /ˈhɪst(ə)ɹɪ/
Hyphenation: his‧to‧ry , hist‧ory
Noun
Wikiversity
history (countable and uncountable , plural histories )
The aggregate of past events.
1918 , W. B. Maxwell , chapter 7, in The Mirror and the Lamp :With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.
2012 March-April, Jan Sapp , “Race Finished ”, in American Scientist , volume 100 , number 2, page 164 :Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?
2017 June 24, James O'Shea, quoting Gerry Adams, “BREAKING: Sinn Fein President Gerry Adams says end to partition of Ireland “in a few short years””, in IrishCentral :So, we have a shared history - we will also have a shared future.
History repeats itself if we don’t learn from its mistakes.
The branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events.
2013 September 6, Peter Beaumont , “Lessons of past cast shadows over Syria ”, in The Guardian Weekly , volume 189 , number 13 , page 18 :History and experience act as a filter that can distort as much as elucidate. It is largely forgotten now, overlooked in the one-line description of Tony Blair and George W Bush as the men who lied about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, but there was a wider context to their conviction.
He teaches history at the university. History will not look kindly on these tyrants. He dreams of an invention that will make history .
( countable ) A set of events involving an entity.
What is your medical history ? The family's history includes events best forgotten.
2014 October 21, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport) [1] :[I]n the 575 days since [Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp , there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionist histories , to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.
( countable ) A record or narrative description of past events .
I really enjoyed Shakespeare's tragedies more than his histories .
( countable , medicine ) A list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.
A personal medical history is required for the insurance policy. He has a history of cancer in his family.
( countable , computing ) A record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser .
I visited a great site yesterday but forgot the URL. Luckily, I didn't clear my history .
( informal ) Something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant.
I told him that if he doesn't get his act together, he's history .
( uncountable ) Shared experience or interaction.
There is too much history between them for them to split up now.
He has had a lot of history with the police.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Terms derived from history
Translations
aggregate of past events
Afrikaans: geskiedenis (af)
Albanian: histori (sq) f
Amharic: ታሪክ ( tarik )
Arabic: تَارِيخ (ar) m ( tārīḵ )
Egyptian Arabic: تاريخ m ( tarīḵ )
Aragonese: istoria f
Armenian: պատմություն (hy) ( patmutʻyun )
Assamese: ইতিহাস ( itihax )
Asturian: historia f , hestoria f
Azerbaijani: tarix (az)
Bashkir: тарих ( tarix )
Basque: historia (eu)
Belarusian: гісто́рыя (be) f ( históryja )
Bengali: ইতিহাস (bn) ( itihaś )
Breton: istor (br) f
Bulgarian: исто́рия (bg) f ( istórija )
Burmese: သမိုင်း (my) ( sa.muing: )
Buryat: түүхэ ( tüüxe )
Catalan: història (ca) f
Chinese:
Cantonese: 歷史 / 历史 ( lik6 si2 ) , 历史 ( lik6 si2 )
Dungan: лисы ( lisɨ )
Hakka: 歷史 / 历史 , 历史 ( li̍t-sṳ́ )
Mandarin: 歷史 / 历史 (zh) ( lìshǐ ) , 历史 (zh) ( lìshǐ )
Min Dong: 歷史 / 历史 ( lĭk-sṳ̄ ) , 历史 ( lĭk-sṳ̄ )
Min Nan: 歷史 / 历史 (zh-min-nan) , 历史 ( le̍k-sú )
Wu: 歷史 / 历史 ( 8 liq-sy) , 历史 ( liq sr )
Chuvash: истори ( istori )
Corsican: storia (co)
Crimean Tatar: tarih
Czech: dějiny (cs) f pl , historie (cs) f
Danish: historie c
Dutch: geschiedenis (nl) f , historie (nl) f
Esperanto: historio (eo)
Estonian: ajalugu (et)
Faroese: søga f
Finnish: historia (fi)
French: histoire (fr) f
Friulian: istorie f , storie f
Gagauz: istoriya
Galician: historia (gl) f
Georgian: ისტორია (ka) ( isṭoria )
German: Geschichte (de) f ,Historie (de) f
Greek: ιστορία (el) f ( istoría )
Ancient: ἱστορία f ( historía )
Gujarati: ઇતિહાસ (gu) m ( itihās )
Haitian Creole: istwa
Hebrew: הִסְטוֹרְיָה / היסטוריה (he) f ( história )
Hiligaynon: kasaysayan
Hindi: इतिहास (hi) m ( itihās ) , तारीख़ f ( tārīx )
Hungarian: múlt (hu) ,história (hu)
Icelandic: saga (is) f
Ido: historio (io)
Ilocano: pakasaritaan
Indonesian: sejarah (id) , histori (id)
Interlingua: historia
Irish: stair (ga) f
Istriot: stuoria f
Italian: storia (it) f
Japanese: 歴史 (ja) ( れきし, rekishi ) , 沿革 (ja) ( えんかく, enkaku )
Kalmyk: тууҗ ( tuuj )
Kannada: ಇತಿಹಾಸ (kn) ( itihāsa )
Kapampangan: amlat
Kazakh: тарих (kk) ( tarix )
Khmer: ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ ( prɑvŏəttesaah ) , ប្រវត្តិ (km) ( prɑvŏət )
Korean: 역사 (ko) ( yeoksa ) (歷史 (ko) ), 력사 (ko) ( ryeoksa ) ( North Korea )
Kumyk: тарих ( tarix )
Kurdish:
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Kyrgyz: тарых (ky) ( tarıh )
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Lao: ປະຫວັດສາດ (lo) ( pa wat sāt )
Latin: historia (la) f
Latvian: vēsture f
Lithuanian: istorija (lt) f
Luganda: ebyafaayo
Macedonian: исто́рија f ( istórija )
Malay: sejarah (ms)
Malayalam: ചരിത്രം (ml) ( caritraṁ )
Maltese: storja f
Manchu: ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ( suduri )
Marathi: इतिहास (mr) ( itihās )
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: түүх (mn) ( tüüx )
Mongolian: ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ( teüke )
Nauruan: ekadaedaenigawae (na)
Nepali: इतिहास (ne) ( itihās )
Norwegian: historie (no) f
Novial: Lua error in Module:translations at line 71 : Translations must be for attested and approved main-namespace languages.
Old Prussian: istōrija
Ossetian: истори ( istori )
Paiwan: likisi
Pashto: تاريخ (ps) m ( tāríx )
Persian: تاریخ (fa) ( târix )
Pitcairn-Norfolk: histrei
Polish: historia (pl) f
Portuguese: histórico (pt) m
Punjabi: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ (pa) ( itihās )
Romanian: istorie (ro)
Romansch: istorgia f
Russian: исто́рия (ru) f ( istórija )
Rusyn: істо́рія f ( istórija )
Samogitian: istuorėjė f
Sanskrit: इतिहास (sa) m ( itihāsa )
Scottish Gaelic: eachdraidh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Shan: ပိုၼ်း ( púen )
Sicilian: storia (scn) f
Silesian: gyszichta f
Sinhalese: ඉතිහාසය (si) ( itihāsaya ) , පුරාවෘත්තය ( purāwr̥ttaya )
Slovak: dejiny f pl , história f
Slovene: zgodovina (sl) f , preteklost (sl) f
Somali: taariikh
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: stawizny pl
Southern Altai: тӱӱки ( tüüki ) , тарых ( tarïh )
Spanish: historia (es) f
Swahili: historia (sw)
Swedish: historia (sv) c
Tagalog: kasaysayan (tl)
Tajik: таърих (tg) ( taʾrix )
Tamil: வரலாறு (ta) ( varalāṟu )
Tatar: тарих (tt) ( tarix )
Telugu: చరిత్ర (te) ( caritra ) , చరితం ( caritaṁ ) , చరిత (te) ( carita )
Thai: ประวัติศาสตร์ (th) ( bprà-wàt-dtì-sàat )
Tibetan: ལོ་རྒྱུས ( lo rgyus )
Tigrinya: ታሪኽ (ti) ( tarix )
Turkish: tarih (tr)
Turkmen: taryh
Tuvan: төөгү ( töögü )
Ukrainian: істо́рія f ( istórija )
Urdu: اتہاس (ur) m ( itihās ) , تاریخ (ur) f ( tārīx )
Uyghur: تارىخ ( tarix )
Uzbek: tarix (uz)
Venetian: istoria f , storia (vec) f
Vietnamese: lịch sử (vi) (歷史 )
Vilamovian: gyśicht f
Welsh: hanes (cy)
Wolof: taariix (wo)
Yakut: история ( istoriya ) , остуоруйа ( ostuoruya )
Yiddish: געשיכטע (yi) f ( geshikhte )
Zazaki: ver
branch of knowledge that studies the past
Arabic: تَارِيخ (ar) m ( tārīḵ )
Egyptian Arabic: تاريخ m ( tarīḵ )
Armenian: պատմագիտություն (hy) ( patmagitutʻyun )
Belarusian: гісто́рыя (be) f ( históryja )
Bulgarian: исто́рия (bg) f ( istórija )
Catalan: història (ca) f
Chinese:
Cantonese: 歷史學 / 历史学 ( lik6 si2 hok6 ) , 历史学 ( lik6 si2 hok6 )
Dungan: истори ( istori )
Mandarin: 歷史學 / 历史学 (zh) ( lìshǐxué ) , 历史学 (zh) ( lìshǐxué )
Min Nan: 歷史學 / 历史学 , 历史学 ( le̍k-sú-ha̍k )
Czech: dějepis (cs) m
Danish: historie c
Dutch: geschiedenis (nl) f
Esperanto: historio (eo)
Estonian: ajalugu (et)
Faroese: søga f
Finnish: historia (fi) , historiantutkimus
French: histoire (fr) f
Gagauz: istoriya
Georgian: ისტორია (ka) ( isṭoria )
German: Geschichtswissenschaft (de) f
Greek: ιστορία (el) f ( istoría )
Ancient: ἱστορία f ( historía )
Haitian Creole: istwa
Hebrew: היסטוריה (he) f ( história )
Hiligaynon: kasaysayan
Hindi: इतिहास (hi) m ( itihās ) , तारीख़ f ( tārīx )
Hungarian: történelem (hu)
Icelandic: sagnfræði f
Ido: historio (io)
Interlingua: historia
Irish: stair (ga) f
Italian: storia (it) f
Japanese: 歴史 (ja) ( れきし, rekishi )
Khmer: ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ ( prɑvŏəttesaah ) , ប្រវត្តិវិទ្យា (km) ( prɑvŏət vityiə )
Korean: 사학 (ko) ( sahak )
Kurdish:
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(deprecated template usage ) {{trans-mid }}
Latin: historia (la)
Latvian: vēsture f
Lithuanian: istorija (lt) f
Malay: sejarah (ms) , tawarikh ( obsolete )
Maltese: storja
Middle English: historie , storie
Mongolian: түүх (mn) ( tüüx )
Norwegian: historie (no) f
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Persian: تاریخ (fa) ( târix )
Polish: historia (pl) f
Portuguese: história (pt) f
Romanian: istorie (ro)
Romansch: istorgia f
Russian: исто́рия (ru) f ( istórija )
Samogitian: istuorėjė f
Scottish Gaelic: eachdraidh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Slovak: dejepis m
Slovene: zgodovina (sl) f , zgodovinopisje n
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: stawizny pl
Spanish: historia (es) f
Swahili: historia (sw)
Swedish: historia (sv) c
Tagalog: kasaysayan (tl)
Tajik: таърих (tg) ( taʾrix )
Telugu: చరిత్ర (te) ( caritra )
Thai: ประวัติศาสตร์ (th) ( bprà-wàt-dtì-sàat )
Turkish: tarih (tr)
Ukrainian: істо́рія f ( istórija )
Urdu: اتہاس (ur) m ( itihās ) , تاریخ (ur) f ( tārīx )
Vietnamese: lịch sử (vi) (歷史 )
Volapük: jenav (vo)
Welsh: astudiaeth (cy)
set of events involving an entity
record or narrative description of past events
Arabic: تَارِيخ (ar) m ( tārīḵ )
Armenian: պատմություն (hy) ( patmutʻyun )
Bulgarian: летопис (bg) m ( letopis )
Catalan: història (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 歷史 / 历史 (zh) ( lìshǐ ) , 历史 (zh) ( lìshǐ )
Corsican: storia (co)
Czech: dějiny (cs) f pl
Danish: historie c , beretning (da) c
Estonian: ajalugu (et)
Finnish: historia (fi)
French: histoire (fr) f , passé (fr) m
Georgian: ისტორია (ka) ( isṭoria )
German: Geschichte (de) f , Erzählung (de) f
Greek: ιστορικό (el) n ( istorikó )
Hebrew: היסטוריה (he) f ( história )
Hiligaynon: kasaysayan
Hungarian: történet (hu) , história (hu)
Icelandic: saga (is) f
Ido: historio (io)
Interlingua: historia
Italian: storia (it) f
Japanese: 履歴 (ja) ( rireki ) , 経歴 (ja) ( kēreki ) , 経過 (ja) ( kēka )
Korean: 역사 (ko) ( yeoksa )
Kurdish:
Kurmanji: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290 : Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E .
Sorani: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290 : Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E .
Latvian: vēsture
(deprecated template usage ) {{trans-mid }}
Lithuanian: istorija (lt) f
Maltese: storja , arkivji
Middle English: historie , storie
Nauruan: ekadaedaenigawae (na)
Nepali: इतिहास (ne) ( itihās )
Norwegian:
Bokmål: historie (no) m or f , historikk m
Nynorsk: historie f , historikk m
Novial: Lua error in Module:translations at line 71 : Translations must be for attested and approved main-namespace languages.
Persian: تاریخ (fa) ( târix )
Polish: historia (pl) f
Portuguese: documentário (pt) m
Romanian: istorie (ro) f , povestire (ro) f
Russian: исто́рия (ru) f ( istórija )
Samogitian: istuorėjė f
Scottish Gaelic: eachdraidh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Slovak: história f
Slovene: zgodovina (sl) f
Spanish: historia (es) f
Swahili: historia (sw)
Swedish: berättelse (sv) c , historia (sv) c
Tagalog: kasaysayan (tl)
Telugu: చరితం ( caritaṁ ) , చరిత (te) ( carita )
Vietnamese: lịch sử (vi)
Welsh: hanes (cy)
Yiddish: היסטאָריע f ( historye )
medicine: list of past and continuing medical conditions
Armenian: պատմություն (hy) ( patmutʻyun )
Catalan: historial m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 病史 ( bìngshǐ )
Czech: zdravotní karta f
Dutch: geschiedenis (nl) f
Estonian: haiguslugu
Finnish: historia (fi) , potilashistoria
French: historique (fr) m , anamnèse (fr)
German: Anamnese (de) f
Greek: ιστορικό (el) n ( istorikó )
Hebrew: היסטוריה (he) f ( história )
Hungarian: kórtörténet
Icelandic: saga (is) f
Italian: precedenti (it) m pl , anamnesi (it)
Japanese: 病歴 ( byōreki ) , 既往歴 ( kiōreki ) , 診療録 ( shinryōroku ) , カルテ (ja) ( karute )
Korean: 병력 (ko) ( byeongnyeok ) , 病歷 (ko)
(deprecated template usage ) {{trans-mid }}
Latvian: slimības vēsture f
Lithuanian: ligos istorija f
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Persian: سابقه (fa) ( sâbeqe ) , پیشینه (fa) ( pišine )
Polish: historia choroby f
Portuguese: histórico médico m , anamnese (pt)
Russian: исто́рия (ru) f ( istórija ) , исто́рия боле́зни f ( istórija bolézni )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f , pȍvijēst bȍlēsti f , anamnéza (sh) f
Slovene: (please verify ) zgodovina (bolezni ) f
Spanish: antecedentes (es) m pl , historia clínica f , historial (es) m , anamnesis (es)
Swahili: historia (sw)
Swedish: historik (sv) c
Vietnamese: lịch sử (vi)
Welsh: hanes (meddygol )
Zazaki: vêrde
computing: record of previous user events
Arabic: مَحْفُوظَات pl ( maḥfūẓāt ) ( used by Microsoft )
Armenian: պատմություն (hy) ( patmutʻyun )
Bulgarian: история (bg) f ( istorija )
Chinese:
Mandarin: (please verify ) 瀏覽器 歷史 / 浏览器 历史 ( liúlǎnqì lìshǐ ) , (please verify ) 浏览器 历史 ( liúlǎnqì lìshǐ )
Czech: historie (cs) f
Esperanto: historio (eo)
Estonian: ajalugu (et)
Finnish: historia (fi) , käyttäjähistoria
French: historique (fr) m
Georgian: ისტორია (ka) ( isṭoria )
German: Verlauf (de) m
Greek: ιστορικό (el) n ( istorikó )
Hebrew: היסטוריה (he) f ( história )
Interlingua: historia
Italian: cronologia (it) f
Japanese: 履歴 (ja) ( rireki )
Khmer: ប្រវត្តិ (km) ( prɑvoat )
(deprecated template usage ) {{trans-mid }}
Norwegian:
Bokmål: historikk m
Nynorsk: historikk m
Novial: Lua error in Module:translations at line 71 : Translations must be for attested and approved main-namespace languages.
Persian: تاریخچه (fa) ( târixče )
Polish: historia (pl) f
Portuguese: histórico (pt) m
Russian: исто́рия (ru) f ( istórija )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Spanish: historia (es) f , historial (es) m , registro (es) m
Swahili: historia (sw)
Swedish: historik (sv) c
Vietnamese: lịch sử (vi)
Welsh: hanes (cyfrifiadurol )
Zazaki: vêrd
something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant
Translations to be checked
Verb
history (third-person singular simple present histories , present participle historying , simple past and past participle historied )
( obsolete ) To narrate or record .
(Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)
References
Further reading
"history" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 146.
Anagrams
Middle English
Noun
history
Alternative form of historie