kuka
Finnish
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (from Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-) + -ka.
- Cognates with Estonian kumb (“which”), Hungarian hol (“where”), Forest Enets hōke (“which one”), Nganasan kuninu (“where”), and Kamassian kāmǝ̑n (“if”).
- Compare Proto-Indo-European *kʷi- ~ *kʷe- ~ *kʷo-, whence the English interrogatives English what, where, who, how derive.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
kuka
- (interrogative) who; (when followed by a modifier in elative case, -sta/-stä) which one (of + a noun referring to people).
- (indefinite) whoever.
- (relative) who, when the pronoun refers to the whole of the preceding sentence. [1]
- En tiedä, kuka sen teki.
- I don't know who did it.
- but:
- Tässä on mies, joka sen teki.
- This is the man who did it.
- (relative, dialectal) who
Usage notes
- The singular forms are sometimes used colloquially instead of the actual plural forms. Ketä is particularly common for keitä. In some dialects ketä is used in place of kuka.
Inflection
- Modern inflections of kuka are based around the stem form ke- or kene-.
- The modern adessive, ablative and allative singular cases have alternative forms of equal value. Thus kenellä, keneltä, kenelle can equally be expressed as kellä, keltä, kelle.
- Following the pattern of other personal pronouns the accusative form is kenet. (compare minut, sinut, etc.)
Forms of the word based on a stem form of ku- have become old fashioned and somewhat poetic even though the nominative singular kuka remains modern. The nominative form ken is found only in archaic or poetic language.
Thus, “Kuta sinä rakastat?” could be translated as “Whom dost thou love?”
Some cases of kuka/ken are hardly used. The inflection table below shows the archaic or otherwise disappeared/disappearing forms in brackets.
The instructive plural kuin with the stem -ka*, the instructive singular kun* and the causative singular kuten* (also as the dated, archaic form: kutenka*) are used as adverbs with completely different meanings from “who”.
Note: In the inflection table below, poetic and/or archaic forms are shown in brackets and modern usage without brackets. See also the declension of the negative form ei kukaan.
Declension of kuka
{{#ifeq:{{{adv}}}|no||
|
Synonyms
- (who): ken ( the nominative singular is archaic, see "Inflection" section below)
- (whoever): kuka tahansa, ken
Related terms
See also
References
Further reading
Anagrams
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Origin uncertain; perhaps an (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Italian loan word, compare Northern Italian cuco (“goofy”).
Adjective
kuka
- dumb (as a fish), tongue-tied (not saying a word)
Etymology 2
Via (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Czech, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] German KUKA, short for Keller und Knappich Augsburg, a German firm which manufactured and supplied orange refuse collection vehicles. Today the company KUKA produces industrial robots and automation technologies.
Noun
kuka (plural kukák)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kuka | kukák |
accusative | kukát | kukákat |
dative | kukának | kukáknak |
instrumental | kukával | kukákkal |
causal-final | kukáért | kukákért |
translative | kukává | kukákká |
terminative | kukáig | kukákig |
essive-formal | kukaként | kukákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kukában | kukákban |
superessive | kukán | kukákon |
adessive | kukánál | kukáknál |
illative | kukába | kukákba |
sublative | kukára | kukákra |
allative | kukához | kukákhoz |
elative | kukából | kukákból |
delative | kukáról | kukákról |
ablative | kukától | kukáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kukáé | kukáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kukáéi | kukákéi |
Possessive forms of kuka | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kukám | kukáim |
2nd person sing. | kukád | kukáid |
3rd person sing. | kukája | kukái |
1st person plural | kukánk | kukáink |
2nd person plural | kukátok | kukáitok |
3rd person plural | kukájuk | kukáik |
Ingrian
Pronoun
kuka
Pitjantjatjara
Pronunciation
Noun
kuka
Derived terms
- kukaku ananyi (“to hunt”)
- kukaputju (“hunter”)
- kukanypa (“marked man, target”)
Polish
Pronunciation
Verb
kuka
Quechua
Noun
kuka
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuka | kukakuna |
accusative | kukata | kukakunata |
dative | kukaman | kukakunaman |
genitive | kukap | kukakunap |
locative | kukapi | kukakunapi |
terminative | kukakama | kukakunakama |
ablative | kukamanta | kukakunamanta |
instrumental | kukawan | kukakunawan |
comitative | kukantin | kukakunantin |
abessive | kukannaq | kukakunannaq |
comparative | kukahina | kukakunahina |
causative | kukarayku | kukakunarayku |
benefactive | kukapaq | kukakunapaq |
associative | kukapura | kukakunapura |
distributive | kukanka | kukakunanka |
exclusive | kukalla | kukakunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukay | kukaykuna |
accusative | kukayta | kukaykunata |
dative | kukayman | kukaykunaman |
genitive | kukaypa | kukaykunap |
locative | kukaypi | kukaykunapi |
terminative | kukaykama | kukaykunakama |
ablative | kukaymanta | kukaykunamanta |
instrumental | kukaywan | kukaykunawan |
comitative | kukaynintin | kukaykunantin |
abessive | kukayninnaq | kukaykunannaq |
comparative | kukayhina | kukaykunahina |
causative | kukayrayku | kukaykunarayku |
benefactive | kukaypaq | kukaykunapaq |
associative | kukaypura | kukaykunapura |
distributive | kukayninka | kukaykunanka |
exclusive | kukaylla | kukaykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukayki | kukaykikuna |
accusative | kukaykita | kukaykikunata |
dative | kukaykiman | kukaykikunaman |
genitive | kukaykipa | kukaykikunap |
locative | kukaykipi | kukaykikunapi |
terminative | kukaykikama | kukaykikunakama |
ablative | kukaykimanta | kukaykikunamanta |
instrumental | kukaykiwan | kukaykikunawan |
comitative | kukaykintin | kukaykikunantin |
abessive | kukaykinnaq | kukaykikunannaq |
comparative | kukaykihina | kukaykikunahina |
causative | kukaykirayku | kukaykikunarayku |
benefactive | kukaykipaq | kukaykikunapaq |
associative | kukaykipura | kukaykikunapura |
distributive | kukaykinka | kukaykikunanka |
exclusive | kukaykilla | kukaykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukan | kukankuna |
accusative | kukanta | kukankunata |
dative | kukanman | kukankunaman |
genitive | kukanpa | kukankunap |
locative | kukanpi | kukankunapi |
terminative | kukankama | kukankunakama |
ablative | kukanmanta | kukankunamanta |
instrumental | kukanwan | kukankunawan |
comitative | kukanintin | kukankunantin |
abessive | kukanninnaq | kukankunannaq |
comparative | kukanhina | kukankunahina |
causative | kukanrayku | kukankunarayku |
benefactive | kukanpaq | kukankunapaq |
associative | kukanpura | kukankunapura |
distributive | kukaninka | kukankunanka |
exclusive | kukanlla | kukankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukanchik | kukanchikkuna |
accusative | kukanchikta | kukanchikkunata |
dative | kukanchikman | kukanchikkunaman |
genitive | kukanchikpa | kukanchikkunap |
locative | kukanchikpi | kukanchikkunapi |
terminative | kukanchikkama | kukanchikkunakama |
ablative | kukanchikmanta | kukanchikkunamanta |
instrumental | kukanchikwan | kukanchikkunawan |
comitative | kukanchiknintin | kukanchikkunantin |
abessive | kukanchikninnaq | kukanchikkunannaq |
comparative | kukanchikhina | kukanchikkunahina |
causative | kukanchikrayku | kukanchikkunarayku |
benefactive | kukanchikpaq | kukanchikkunapaq |
associative | kukanchikpura | kukanchikkunapura |
distributive | kukanchikninka | kukanchikkunanka |
exclusive | kukanchiklla | kukanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukayku | kukaykukuna |
accusative | kukaykuta | kukaykukunata |
dative | kukaykuman | kukaykukunaman |
genitive | kukaykupa | kukaykukunap |
locative | kukaykupi | kukaykukunapi |
terminative | kukaykukama | kukaykukunakama |
ablative | kukaykumanta | kukaykukunamanta |
instrumental | kukaykuwan | kukaykukunawan |
comitative | kukaykuntin | kukaykukunantin |
abessive | kukaykunnaq | kukaykukunannaq |
comparative | kukaykuhina | kukaykukunahina |
causative | kukaykurayku | kukaykukunarayku |
benefactive | kukaykupaq | kukaykukunapaq |
associative | kukaykupura | kukaykukunapura |
distributive | kukaykunka | kukaykukunanka |
exclusive | kukaykulla | kukaykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukaykichik | kukaykichikkuna |
accusative | kukaykichikta | kukaykichikkunata |
dative | kukaykichikman | kukaykichikkunaman |
genitive | kukaykichikpa | kukaykichikkunap |
locative | kukaykichikpi | kukaykichikkunapi |
terminative | kukaykichikkama | kukaykichikkunakama |
ablative | kukaykichikmanta | kukaykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | kukaykichikwan | kukaykichikkunawan |
comitative | kukaykichiknintin | kukaykichikkunantin |
abessive | kukaykichikninnaq | kukaykichikkunannaq |
comparative | kukaykichikhina | kukaykichikkunahina |
causative | kukaykichikrayku | kukaykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | kukaykichikpaq | kukaykichikkunapaq |
associative | kukaykichikpura | kukaykichikkunapura |
distributive | kukaykichikninka | kukaykichikkunanka |
exclusive | kukaykichiklla | kukaykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kukanku | kukankukuna |
accusative | kukankuta | kukankukunata |
dative | kukankuman | kukankukunaman |
genitive | kukankupa | kukankukunap |
locative | kukankupi | kukankukunapi |
terminative | kukankukama | kukankukunakama |
ablative | kukankumanta | kukankukunamanta |
instrumental | kukankuwan | kukankukunawan |
comitative | kukankuntin | kukankukunantin |
abessive | kukankunnaq | kukankukunannaq |
comparative | kukankuhina | kukankukunahina |
causative | kukankurayku | kukankukunarayku |
benefactive | kukankupaq | kukankukunapaq |
associative | kukankupura | kukankukunapura |
distributive | kukankunka | kukankukunanka |
exclusive | kukankulla | kukankukunalla |
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kuka (“hook, hook-shaped”). Akin to kȕk.
Pronunciation
Noun
kȕka f (Cyrillic spelling ку̏ка)
Declension
Noun
kuka (Cyrillic spelling кука)
References
- “kuka” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Tok Pisin
Noun
kuka
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
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- Finnish terms suffixed with -kä
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