poll
English
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Etymology 1
From Middle English pol, polle ("scalp, pate"), probably from or else cognate with Middle Dutch pol, pōle, polle (“top, summit; head”),[1] from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *bōwl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Akin to Scots pow (“head, crown, skalp, skull”), Saterland Frisian pol (“round, full, brimming”), Low German polle (“head, tree-top, bulb”), Danish puld (“crown of a hat”), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Swedish dialectal pull (“head”). Meaning "collection of votes" is first recorded 1625, from notion of "counting heads".
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Australia" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /pɔl/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /pəʊl/, /pɔʊl/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /poʊl/
Audio (US): (file) - Homophones: pole, Pole
Noun
poll (plural polls)
- A survey of people, usually statistically analyzed to gauge wider public opinion.
- A formal election.
- The student council had a poll to see what people want served in the cafeteria.
- (Can we date this quote by Blackstone and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- All soldiers quartered in place are to remove […] and not to return till one day after the poll is ended.
- A polling place (usually as plural, polling places)
- The polls close at 8 p.m.
- (now rare outside veterinary contexts) The head, particularly the scalp or pate upon which hair (normally) grows.
- 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
- ...the doctor, as if to hear better, had taken off his powdered wig, and sat there, looking very strange indeed with his own close-cropped black poll.
- 1908, O. Henry, A Tempered Wind
- And you might perceive the president and general manager, Mr. R. G. Atterbury, with his priceless polished poll, busy in the main office room dictating letters..
- 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
- (in extended senses of the above) A mass of people, a mob or muster, considered as a head count.
- (Can we date this quote by Shakespeare and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- We are the greater poll, and in true fear / They gave us our demands.
- (Can we date this quote by Shakespeare and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to fifteen thousand poll.
- (Can we date this quote by Shakespeare and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- The broad or butt end of an axe or a hammer.
- The pollard or European chub, a kind of fish.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
poll (third-person singular simple present polls, present participle polling, simple past and past participle polled)
- (transitive) To take, record the votes of (an electorate).
- (transitive) To solicit mock votes from (a person or group).
- (intransitive) To vote at an election.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Beaconsfield to this entry?)
- To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters.
- He polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.
- (Can we date this quote by Tickell and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- poll for points of faith his trusty vote
- To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop.
- to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll grass
- (Can we date this quote by Chapman and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed / That all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it.
- (transitive) To cut the hair of (a creature).
- Bible, 2 Sam. xiv. 26
- when he [Absalom] polled his head
- (Can we date this quote by Sir T. North and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.
- Bible, 2 Sam. xiv. 26
- (transitive) To remove the horns of (an animal).
- To remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop.
- to poll a tree
- (transitive, computing, communication) To (repeatedly) request the status of something (such as a computer or printer on a network).
- The network hub polled the department's computers to determine which ones could still respond.
- (intransitive, with adverb) To be judged in a poll.
- 2008, Joanne McEvoy, The politics of Northern Ireland (page 171)
- The election was a resounding defeat for Robert McCartney who polled badly in the six constituencies he contested and even lost his own Assembly seat in North Down.
- 2008, Joanne McEvoy, The politics of Northern Ireland (page 171)
- (obsolete) To extort from; to plunder; to strip.
- (Can we date this quote by Spenser and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise
- (Can we date this quote by Spenser and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- To impose a tax upon.
- To pay as one's personal tax.
- (Can we date this quote by Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- the man that polled but twelve pence for his head
- (Can we date this quote by Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, especially for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.
- (Can we date this quote by Milton and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those of his three kingdoms
- (Can we date this quote by Milton and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
- (law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation.
- a polled deed
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)
Translations
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Adjective
poll
- (of kinds of livestock which typically have horns) Bred without horns, and thus hornless.
- Poll Hereford
- Red Poll cows
- 1757, The monthly review, or, literary journal, volume 17, page 416:
- Sheep, that is, the Horned sort, and those without Horns, called Poll Sheep [...]
- 1960, Frank O'Loghlen, Frank H. Johnston, Cattle country: an illustrated survey of the Australian beef cattle industry, a complete directory of the studs, page 85:
- About 15000 cattle, comprising 10000 Hereford and Poll Hereford, 4000 Aberdeen Angus and 1000 Shorthorn and Poll Shorthorn, are grazed [...]
- 1970, The Pastoral review, volume 80, page 457:
- Otherwise, both horned and poll sheep continue to be bred from an inner stud.
References
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "poll, n.1" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2006.
Etymology 2
Perhaps a shortening of Polly, a common name for pet parrots.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /pɒl/
Noun
poll (plural polls)
- A pet parrot.
Etymology 3
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek πολλοί (polloí, “the many, the masses”)
Pronunciation
Noun
poll (plural polls)
- (UK, dated, Cambridge University) One who does not try for honors at university, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman.
See also
References
- Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Lua error in Module:etymology at line 170: Old Occitan (pro) is not set as an ancestor of Catalan (ca) in Module:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Catalan is Old Catalan (roa-oca)., from Latin pullus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”).
Noun
poll m (plural polls)
- chicken (bird)
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Lua error in Module:etymology at line 170: Old Occitan (pro) is not set as an ancestor of Catalan (ca) in Module:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Catalan is Old Catalan (roa-oca)., from Late Latin peduclus < peduculus, variant of Latin pēdīculus, from pēdis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pesd-.
Noun
poll m (plural polls)
- louse (insect)
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “poll” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
poll
- (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present indicative of pollen
- (deprecated template usage) imperative of pollen
German
Verb
poll
- (deprecated template usage) Imperative singular of pollen.
- (colloquial) (deprecated template usage) First-person singular present of pollen.
Icelandic
Noun
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish poll (“hole”), from Old English pōl (compare English pool).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Galway" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /pˠəul̪ˠ/[1][2]
Noun
poll m (genitive singular poill, nominative plural poill)
Declension
Synonyms
- (pothole): linntreog
Derived terms
- áth poill (“the mouth of a hole”)
- bruach poill (“edge of hole”)
- dubh poill (“black colouring substance found in bog”)
- poll an bhaic (“hole in chimney corner”) (as receptacle)
- poll báite (“marsh-hole”)
- poll bréan (“cesspool”)
- poll coinicéir (“rabbit-hole”)
- poll criathraigh (“bog-hole”)
- poll deataigh (“smoke vent”)
- poll draoibe (“muddy pool”)
- poll duibheagáin (“deep dark hole; bottomless pit”)
- poll eochrach (“keyhole”)
- poll guail (“coal-pit”)
- poll guairneáin (“vortex”) (of whirlpool)
- poll iomlaisc (“wallow-hole”)
- poll na hascaille (“axillary cavity”)
- poll péiste (“worm-hole”) (in potato)
- poll stócála (“stoke-hole”)
- poll súraic (“swallow-hole; whirlpool”)
- poll tóraíochta (“bore-hole”)
- preabaire poill (“rabbit”)
Verb
poll (present analytic pollann, future analytic pollfaidh, verbal noun polladh, past participle pollta)
- (transitive, intransitive) hole; puncture, pierce, bore, perforate (make a hole in)
Conjugation
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms
- polltóir (“perforator”)
- uchtbhalla pollta (“machicolation”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
poll | pholl | bpoll |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 209
- ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975) The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 215
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “poll”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “poll”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle English
Noun
poll
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
poll m (definite singular pollen, indefinite plural pollar, definite plural pollane)
- a small branch of a fjord, often with a narrow inlet
Further reading
- “poll” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Scottish Gaelic
Noun
poll m (genitive singular puill, plural puill)
Derived terms
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
poll | pholl |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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