roto

See also: rotó, rotò, and rōtō

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹəʊtəʊ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Clipping.

Noun

roto (countable and uncountable, plural rotos)

1. (countable, uncountable) Clipping of rotogravure.
2. (US, sports, informal, uncountable) Clipping of rotisserie baseball.
   • 2004, Mark St. Amant, Committed: confession of a fantasy football junkie:

     "But that's just not an exciting quote, so they put on that roto baseball guy saying disparaging things about fantasy football," Emil concedes, referring to a roto baseball expert that HBO interviewed for the piece […]

   • 1997, BGI bill, “Looking for Rules and Regulations for roto baseball league”, in pdaxs.sports.baseball (Usenet):

     Looking to find someone who has a comprehensive list of rules and regulations for Roto baseball.

3. (US, sports, informal, uncountable) Clipping of rotisserie sports.

Derived terms

• roto-homothety

Verb

roto (third-person singular simple present rotos, present participle rotoing, simple past and past participle rotoed)

1. (informal) Clipping of rotoscope.

Etymology 2

From Spanish roto.

Noun

roto (plural rotos)

1. (countable) A Chilean, especially a common man or lower-class Chilean.

Anagrams

• Root, Toor, Toro, root, toro, troo

'Are'are

Noun

roto

1. fruit

Verb

roto

1. to swim

Synonyms

• (to swim): para'au

References

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈro.tu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈro.to]

Etymology 1

Verb

roto

1. first-person singular present indicative of rotar (“to belch”)

Etymology 2

Verb

roto

1. first-person singular present indicative of rotar (“to rotate, to turn”)

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish roto (“broken”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroto/, [ˈro.t̪o]
• Hyphenation: ro‧to

Adjective

roto

1. torn

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroto/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oto
• Syllabification: ro‧to

Etymology 1

Greek Alphabet

Ρρ	Previous:	pio kopo
	Next:	sigmo

From Ancient Greek ῥῶ (rhô, “the letter Ρ”).

Noun

roto (accusative singular roton, plural rotoj, accusative plural rotojn)

1. rho

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-?

Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *Hrunépti

Latin rumpō

Latin ruptus

Latin rupta

Old French roteder.

Middle High German rotte

German Rottebor.

Dutch rotbor.

▲

Middle High German rottebor.

Polish rotabor.

▲

Middle High German rottebor.

Russian ро́та (róta)bor.

Esperanto roto

From German Rotte, Dutch rot, Polish rota, Russian ро́та (róta). Cognate with English rout.

Noun

roto (accusative singular roton, plural rotoj, accusative plural rotojn)

1. company (military unit), rota
   • 1933 [1895], chapter 25, in Lidia Zamenhof, transl., Quo Vadis, translation of original by Henryk Sienkiewicz (in Polish):

     Kaj la maljunulo rakontis pri la kapto de Kristo. Venis roto kaj pastraj servistoj, por Lin kapti. Kiam la savinto demandis ilin, kiun ili serĉas, tiuj diris: „Jesuon Nazaretan!” Sed kiam Li diris al ili: „Mi estas!” — ili falis teren, ne kuraĝante levi kontraŭ Lin la manojn, kaj nur post refoja demando ili Lin kaptis.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Further reading

• “roto”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “roto”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rota, French roue, Italian ruota, Spanish rueda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroto/

Noun

roto (plural roti)

1. wheel

Derived terms

• quarrota veturo (“four-wheeled vehicle”)
• rotaro (“wheels, wheel works, wheel movement”)
• rotatre marchar (“to go heels over head”)
• roteskarto (“gauge: distance between the wheels”)
• roto-tormentar (“to break (on a wheel)”)
• rotofelgo (“felloe, felly, rim”)
• rotonabo (“hub, nave”)
• rotosulko (“rut”)

Inari Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *rotō.

Noun

roto

1. grove

Inflection

Even o-stem, t-đ gradation
Nominative	roto
Genitive	rođo
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	roto	rođoh
Accusative	rođo	rođoid
Genitive	rođo	rođoi
Illative	roton	rođoid
Locative	roođoost	rođoin
Comitative	rođoin	rođoiguin
Abessive	rođottáá	rođoittáá
Essive	rottoon
Partitive	rottood
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person — — — 2nd person — — — 3rd person — — —

Further reading

• roto in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022), Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎^[2], Tromsø: UiT

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Italian

Verb

roto

1. first-person singular present indicative of rotare

Anagrams

• Toro, orto, orto-, toro

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *rotāō. Equivalent to rota (“wheel”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈrɔ.toː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈrɔː.to]

Verb

rotō (present infinitive rotāre, perfect active rotāvī, supine rotātum); first conjugation

1. (transitive and intransitive) to turn, trend, wheel, roll, swing about, whirl, rotate; brandish

Conjugation

   Conjugation of rotō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	rotō		rotās		rotat		rotāmus		rotātis		rotant
	imperfect	rotābam		rotābās		rotābat		rotābāmus		rotābātis		rotābant
	future	rotābō		rotābis		rotābit		rotābimus		rotābitis		rotābunt
	perfect	rotāvī		rotāvistī		rotāvit		rotāvimus		rotāvistis		rotāvērunt, rotāvēre
	pluperfect	rotāveram		rotāverās		rotāverat		rotāverāmus		rotāverātis		rotāverant
	future perfect	rotāverō		rotāveris		rotāverit		rotāverimus		rotāveritis		rotāverint
passive	present	rotor		rotāris, rotāre		rotātur		rotāmur		rotāminī		rotantur
	imperfect	rotābar		rotābāris, rotābāre		rotābātur		rotābāmur		rotābāminī		rotābantur
	future	rotābor		rotāberis, rotābere		rotābitur		rotābimur		rotābiminī		rotābuntur
	perfect	rotātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	rotātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	rotātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	rotem		rotēs		rotet		rotēmus		rotētis		rotent
	imperfect	rotārem		rotārēs		rotāret		rotārēmus		rotārētis		rotārent
	perfect	rotāverim		rotāverīs		rotāverit		rotāverīmus		rotāverītis		rotāverint
	pluperfect	rotāvissem		rotāvissēs		rotāvisset		rotāvissēmus		rotāvissētis		rotāvissent
passive	present	roter		rotēris, rotēre		rotētur		rotēmur		rotēminī		rotentur
	imperfect	rotārer		rotārēris, rotārēre		rotārētur		rotārēmur		rotārēminī		rotārentur
	perfect	rotātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	rotātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		rotā		—		—		rotāte		—
	future	—		rotātō		rotātō		—		rotātōte		rotantō
passive	present	—		rotāre		—		—		rotāminī		—
	future	—		rotātor		rotātor		—		—		rotantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		rotāre			rotārī			rotāns			—
future		rotātūrum esse			rotātum īrī			rotātūrus			rotandus
perfect		rotāvisse			rotātum esse			—			rotātus
future perfect		—			rotātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		rotātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		rotandī		rotandō		rotandum		rotandō		rotātum		rotātū

Derived terms

• circumrotō
• rotātilis
• rotātim
• rotātiō
• rotātor
• rotātus
• rotundus

Related terms

• rota
• rotābilis
• rotālis
• rotula
• rotundātiō
• rotundē
• rotundifolius
• rotunditās
• rotundō
• rotundula
• rotundus

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: rotare, ruotare, ⇒ arrotare
  • Sicilian: rutari, ⇒ arrutari
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: rodar
  • French: rouer
  • Occitan: rodar
    • → French: rôder
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: rodar
  • Portuguese: rodar
  • Spanish: rodar
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *roteolāre
  • Italian: ruzzolare
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exderoteolāre
    • Italian: sdrucciolare

Borrowings:

• → Danish: rotere
• → Dutch: roteren
• → English: rotate
  • → Finnish: rotatoida
• → Galician: rotar
• → German: rotieren
• → Portuguese: rotar
• → Spanish: rotar
  • → Catalan: rotar

References

• “roto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “roto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “roto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• roto in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Māori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *loto (“pool, depression in reef” – compare with Hawaiian loko “pond, lake, lagoon”, Tahitian roto “pond, lagoon”, Tongan loto “depression in coral or sea bed”) from Proto-Oceanic *loto “concave”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroto/ [ˈɾɔtɔ]

Noun

roto

1. interior
2. lake

Preposition

roto

1. in, within

Further reading

• Williams, Herbert William (1917), “roto”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 406
• “roto” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Old Javanese

Other scripts
Kawi
Javanese	ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ
Balinese
Roman	roto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.to/

Noun

roto

1. egg of ant

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔ.tɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔtɔ
• Syllabification: ro‧to

Noun

roto f

1. vocative singular of rota

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Irregular past participle of romper. From Latin ruptus, perfect passive participle of rumpō.

Alternative forms

• rôto (pre-reform spelling)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.tu/ [ˈho.tu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.tu/ [ˈho.tu]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.tu/ [ˈχo.tu]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.to/ [ˈho.to]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.tu/

Adjective

roto (feminine rota, masculine plural rotos, feminine plural rotas)

1. torn, ruptured
2. tattered, ragged

Derived terms

• cair em saco roto
• dizer o roto ao nu
• rir-se o roto do esfarrapado

Noun

roto m (plural rotos)

1. (Portugal, derogatory) A poor person, particularly one whose appearance is shabby or unkept.
2. (Portugal, derogatory) A homosexual man.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/ [ˈhɔ.tu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/ [ˈhɔ.tu]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/ [ˈχɔ.tu]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.to/ [ˈhɔ.to]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/

Verb

roto

1. first-person singular present indicative of rotar

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/ [ˈhɔ.tu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/ [ˈhɔ.tu]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/ [ˈχɔ.tu]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.to/ [ˈhɔ.to]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.tu/

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?) (particularly: shouldn't it be /ˈʁo.tu/?)

Participle

roto (short participle, feminine rota, masculine plural rotos, feminine plural rotas)

1. past participle of romper

Further reading

• “roto”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “roto”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Shona

Etymology

From -oto (“dreams”).

Noun

roto^? class ?

1. dream

See also

• rota
• zviroto, chiroto
• hope

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroto/ [ˈro.t̪o]
• Rhymes: -oto
• Syllabification: ro‧to

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin ruptus, perfect passive participle of rumpō. Irregular past participle of romper.

Adjective

roto (feminine rota, masculine plural rotos, feminine plural rotas)

1. broken

   Si no está roto, no lo arregles. ― If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.

2. corrupt, rotten
3. (Chile) vulgar, low-class, classless
4. ruptured
5. (video games, slang) broken

Derived terms

• blanco roto
• caer en saco roto
• huevos rotos
• juguete roto
• pagar los platos rotos

Noun

roto m (plural rotos, feminine rota, feminine plural rotas)

1. a broken thing or person
2. (sometimes derogatory) a Chilean

Derived terms

• nunca falta un roto para un descosido
• siempre hay un roto para un descosido

Participle

roto (feminine rota, masculine plural rotos, feminine plural rotas)

1. past participle of romper

Usage notes

• It never means broken down, although may sound like a synonym when failure is caused by a fall, crash, impact, etc., that makes the object divide. For the meaning of broken down, see descompuesto, averiado, dañado.

Related terms

• romper
• rotura
• ruptura

See also

• rompido
• quebrar

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

roto

1. first-person singular present indicative of rotar

Further reading

• “roto”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Anagrams

• orto, otro, toro

Tahitian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *loto (Compare Hawaiian loko, Māori roto, Tongan loto).

Noun

roto

1. lake
2. lagoon, usually further elaborated as tai roto