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U+4E58, 乘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58

[U+4E57]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E59]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional
Stroke order
Japan

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition or )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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  • (chiefly Japanese):

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E58

Chinese

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Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – a person climbing a tree , with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form . In this form, simplified to (tree and top) + (feet).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • 2tshen - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ~法
    /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ~車
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/
    /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
    Chengdu /sən³¹/
    /t͡sʰən³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
    Suzhou /zən¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
    Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
    Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʃen⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ²¹/
    Nanning /seŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /siŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /seŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /seŋ³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (27)
    Final () (133)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter zying
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʑɨŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʑɨŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʑieŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʑiŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡ʑiəŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡ʑĭəŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shéng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sing4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    chéng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ zying ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*Cə.ləŋ/
    English ride (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 1452
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɦljɯŋ/

    Definitions

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    1. (literary) to ascend; to go up
    2. (literary) to drive (a horse, cart, etc.)
    3. to take (a form of transport)
        ―  chéngchuán  ―  to ride a boat
      火車上海火车上海  ―  chéng huǒchē qù shànghǎi  ―  to ride a train to Shanghai
    4. to make use of; to take advantage of
        ―  chéng  ―  to seize the opportunity
      不備不备  ―  chéng dí bùbèi  ―  to take the enemy unawares
    5. (literary) to pursue; to attack
    6. (arithmetic) to multiply
      加減加减  ―  jiā jiǎn chéng chú  ―  addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
      等於十六 [MSC, trad.]
      等于十六 [MSC, simp.]
      Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù. [Pinyin]
      Two times eight equals sixteen.
    7. a surname
    Antonyms
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    • (antonym(s) of to multiply): (chú)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from Tocharian B klenke (vehicle) or Tocharian B klānk, Tocharian A klānk (to ride, travel (by vehicle)).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (27)
    Final () (133)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter zyingH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʑɨŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʑɨŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʑieŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʑiŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡ʑiəŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡ʑĭəŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shèng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sing6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shèng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ zyingH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*Cə.ləŋ-s/
    English vehicle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 1458
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɦljɯŋs/

    Definitions

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    1. (literary) war chariot drawn by four horses; (imperial) carriage
    2. (literary) Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
    3. (literary) history book
        ―  shǐshèng  ―  historical records
    4. (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana
        ―  shèng  ―  Mahayana (literally, “Great Vehicle”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    1. ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji

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    (Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    Readings

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    • Go-on: じょう ()
    • Kan-on: しょう (shō)
    • Kun: のる (noru, 乘る)のり (nori, 乘り)のせる (noseru, 乘せる)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun (tal seung))

    1. to mount, to ride
    2. to take (a form of transport)
    3. (arithmetic) exponent

    References

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: thừa, thặng, thắng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

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