基本

Chinese

		base; foundation; basic base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical	roots or stems of plants; origin; source roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)
simp. and trad. (基本)		基	本

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīběn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄅㄣˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei¹ bun²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei¹ bon²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kî-pún

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹ bun³

• Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-buōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ki-pún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ bung²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹ci-pen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīběn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄅㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiběn
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹-pên³
    • Yale: jī-běn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jibeen
    • Palladius: цзибэнь (czibɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹ bun²
    • Yale: gēi bún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ bun²
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ bun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ puːn³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gei¹ bon²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³³ pᵘɔn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-pún
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi´ bun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ bun³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ pun³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gi¹ bun³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pun³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-buōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(p-)βuoŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-pún
    • Tâi-lô: ki-pún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'puon
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³/
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ pun²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi¹ bung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki púng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ puŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹ci-pen
    • MiniDict: ci^平 pen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ji-pen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ki pwonX

Rime
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居之切	布忖切
Baxter	ki	pwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ/	/puənX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ/	/puonX/
Shao Rongfen	/kie/	/puənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ/	/pwənX/
Li Rong	/kiə/	/puənX/
Wang Li	/kĭə/	/puənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki/	/puənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	běn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei1	bun2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ə  C.pˤə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯ  pɯːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	běn
Middle Chinese	‹ ki ›	‹ pwonX ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)ə/	/*C.pˁə[n]ʔ/
English	base (n.)	tree trunk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9930	473
Phonetic component	其	本
Rime group	之	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	姬	本
Old Chinese	/*kɯ/	/*pɯːnʔ/

Noun

基本

1. basis; root; fundament

Synonyms

• 來源／来源 (láiyuán)
• 出處／出处 (chūchù)
• 大本 (dàběn) (literary)
• 本源 (běnyuán)
• 根 (gēn)
• 根本 (gēnběn)
• 根源 (gēnyuán)
• 根頭／根头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 泉源 (quányuán)
• 淵源／渊源 (yuānyuán)
• 源 (yuán) (literary, or in compounds)
• 源泉 (yuánquán) (figurative)
• 源頭／源头 (yuántóu) (figurative)
• 濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng) (literary)
• 由來／由来 (yóulái)
• 起源 (qǐyuán)

 

Adjective

基本

1. basic; fundamental; elementary; rudimentary

   基本詞彙／基本词汇  ―  jīběn cíhuì  ―  basic vocabulary

   基本假設／基本假设  ―  jīběn jiǎshè  ―  basic assumption

   馬克思主義基本原理 [MSC, trad.]
   马克思主义基本原理 [MSC, simp.]

   mǎkèsīzhǔyì jīběn yuánlǐ [Pinyin]

   the basic principles of Marxism

   申請入黨的基本條件 [MSC, trad.]
   申请入党的基本条件 [MSC, simp.]

   shēnqǐng rùdǎng de jīběn tiáojiàn [Pinyin]

   basic requirements for applying for party membership

2. important; essential; main

Synonyms

• (basic): 基礎／基础 (jīchǔ), (attributive) 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)
• (important):

• 主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
• 吃勁／吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
• 根本 (gēnběn)
• 當家／当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
• 要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
• 重大
• 重要 (zhòngyào)
• 關鍵／关键 (guānjiàn)

 

Adverb

基本

1. overall; on the whole; generally; more or less; in the main

Synonyms

• 全盤看來／全盘看来 (quánpán kànlái)
• 基本上 (jīběnshàng)
• 大抵 (dàdǐ)
• 大致上 (dàzhìshang)
• 大都
• 大體／大体 (dàtǐ)
• 大體上／大体上 (dàtǐshang)
• 大體而言／大体而言 (dàtǐ ér yán)
• 總的來說／总的来说 (zǒngdeláishuō)
• 總算／总算 (zǒngsuàn)

 

Derived terms

• 全民基本收入 (quánmín jīběn shōurù)
• 基本上 (jīběnshàng)
• 基本功 (jīběngōng)
• 基本區／基本区 (jīběnqū)
• 基本單位／基本单位
• 基本國策／基本国策
• 基本工資／基本工资 (jīběn gōngzī)
• 基本收入 (jīběn shōurù)
• 基本法 (jīběnfǎ)
• 基本相互作用 (jīběn xiānghù zuòyòng)
• 基本矛盾
• 基本粒子 (jīběn lìzǐ)
• 基本詞彙／基本词汇
• 基本點／基本点 (jīběndiǎn)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (基本):

• → Japanese: 基(き)本(ほん) (kihon)
• → Korean: 기본(基本) (gibon)
• → Vietnamese: cơ bản (基本)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
基	本
き Grade: 5	ほん Grade: 1
kan’on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きほん [kìhóń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲihõ̞ɴ]

Noun

基(き)本(ほん) • (kihon) 

1. basis, foundation
2. (martial arts) kihon

Synonyms

• 基(もと) (moto)
• 基礎(きそ) (kiso)
• 根本(こんぽん) (konpon)

Antonyms

• 枝葉(えだは) (edaha, “trivia, nonessential”)
• 応用(おうよう) (ōyō, “advance”)

Derived terms

• 基(き)本(ほん)的(てき) (kihonteki): basic, elementary, fundamental
• 基(き)本(ほん)給(きゅう) (kihonkyū): basic salary
• 基(き)本(ほん)財(ざい)産(さん) (kihonzaisan): endowment
• 基(き)本(ほん)数(すう) (kihonsū): monoploid number

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
基	本

Noun

基本 • (gibon) (hangeul 기본)

1. Hanja form^? of 기본 (“basis, foundation”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
基	本

Noun

基本

1. chữ Hán form of cơ bản (“basic; essential; fundamental”).

Adverb

基本

1. chữ Hán form of cơ bản (“basically; essentially”).