夏后

Chinese

		summer; Xia (proper name)	empress; queen; surname
trad. (夏后)		夏	后
simp. #(夏后)		夏	后

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Xiàhòu

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ hau⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xiàhòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Siàhòu
    • Wade–Giles: Hsia⁴-hou⁴
    • Yale: Syà-hòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiahhow
    • Palladius: Сяхоу (Sjaxou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁶ hau⁶
    • Yale: hah hauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ hau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ heo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²² hɐu̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: haeX huwX|huwH

Rime
Character	夏	后	后
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I	I
Fanqie	胡雅切	胡口切	胡遘切
Baxter	haeX	huwX	huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠaX/	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaX/	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaX/	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨX/	/ɦəwX/	/ɦəwH/
Li Rong	/ɣaX/	/ɣuX/	/ɣuH/
Wang Li	/ɣaX/	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣaX/	/ɣə̯uX/	/ɣə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xià	hòu	hòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa6	hau6	hau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤraʔ  ɢˤ(r)oʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːʔ  ɡoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夏	后
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xià	hòu
Middle Chinese	‹ hæX ›	‹ huwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁraʔ/	/*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/
English	great; pertaining to Chinese civilization	sovereign; queen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夏	后
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	13452	5168
Phonetic component	夏	后
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	下	厚
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːʔ/	/*ɡoːʔ/

Proper noun

夏后

1. the Xia dynasty (2070 BCE – 1600 BCE)

Synonyms

• 夏 (Xià)
• 夏代 (Xiàdài)
• 夏后氏 (Xiàhòushì)
• 夏朝 (Xiàcháo)
• 夏氏 (Xiàshì)
• 夏王朝 (Xià Wángcháo)

 

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.