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See also:
U+6E90, 源
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E90

[U+6E8F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6E91]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
13 strokes

(Kangxi radical 85, +10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水一竹火 (EMHF), four-corner 31196, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 639, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17926
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1697, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6E90

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
2nd round simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ŋʷan) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *ŋʷan, origin).

Etymology

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to (OC *ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”)?”

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nguang5 - Shantou;
  • nguêng5 - Chaozhou.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuan/
Li
Rong
/ŋiuɐn/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyun4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuán
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-ɢʷar/
English spring, source

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16187
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋʷan/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. source of a river; headwaters; headspring; fountainhead
  2. source; origin; root
  3. a surname

Synonyms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (げん) (gen)
  • Korean: 원(源) (won)
  • Vietnamese: nguyên ()

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
みなもと
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Derived from (mi, water, combining form) +‎ (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ , (moto, origin, source).[1][2]

Vovin believes that the na in the initial mina- element is not a genitive particle, but rather actually meant "water", contending that the mi was instead the honorific prefix (mi-).[3] See also (minato, sluice; port).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(みなもと) (minamoto

  1. a fountainhead (source of a river)
    Synonym: 水源 (suigen)
  2. a source, origin
    Synonyms: 起源 (kigen), 根源 (kongen), 本源 (hongen)

Proper noun

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(みなもと) (Minamoto

  1. a surname, especially those who are descendants of Emperor Saga

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
げん
Grade: 6
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC ngjwon).

Noun

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(げん) (gen

  1. a source, origin

Affix

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(げん) (gen

  1. fountainhead
  2. source, origin
  3. Short for 源氏 (Genji): Minamoto clan
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2012,) Man'yoshu, Book 14: A New English Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary, Brill, page 57

Korean

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Hanja

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(won) (hangeul , revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

  1. a spring
  2. source

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: nguồn, nguyên, ngùn, nguyễn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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