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See also:
U+8A1B, 訛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A1B

[U+8A1A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8A1C]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 149, +4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人心 (YROP), four-corner 04610, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1149, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35256
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1616, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3947, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8A1B

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic (speech) + phonetic (OC *hŋʷraːls)

Etymology

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Related to (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to change”) (Schuessler, 2007). Possibly also related to (OC *ŋʷrals) (Schuessler, 2007), but see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter ngwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋwa/
Li
Rong
/ŋuɑ/
Wang
Li
/ŋuɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngo4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
é
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngwa ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-qʷʰˁaj/
English move; change

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5319
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋʷaːl/

Definitions

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  1. (literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken
    alt. forms: 𰵑
  2. (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake
  3. to extort; to blackmail
  4. Alternative form of

Synonyms

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  • (erroneous):
  • (error):
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  • (to extort):
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Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ga)
  • Kan-on: (ga)
  • Kan’yō-on: (ka)
  • Kun: なまる (namaru, 訛る)なまり (namari, )あやまる (ayamaru, 訛る)

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC ngwa).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅪᆼ (Yale: ngwà)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 그르될 (Yale: kulu-twoyl) (Yale: wa)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 그릇될 (geureutdoel wa))

  1. hanja form? of (erroneous; mistaken)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: ngoa, ngỏa/ngoả

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.