輔

See also: 辅

輔 U+8F14, 輔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F14 ← 輓 [U+8F13] CJK Unified Ideographs 輕 → [U+8F15]

Translingual

Han character

輔 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十十戈十月 (JJIJB), four-corner 5302₇, composition ⿰車甫)

Derived characters

• 𭲽

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1244, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38342
• Dae Jaweon: page 1720, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3533, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8F14

Chinese

trad.		輔
simp.		辅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
豧	*pʰoːs, *pʰa, *pʰas
縛	*baːɡs, *baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	*paː, *baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	*paː, *pʰaː
鵏	*paː, *baːs
峬	*paː
誧	*paː, *pʰaː, *pʰaːʔ, *pʰaːs
秿	*paː, *pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	*paː, *pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	*paːʔ, *paːs
鋪	*pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	*pʰaː, *pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	*pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	*baː, *paʔ
脯	*baː, *paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	*baːʔ, *baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	*pa, *paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	*paʔ, *pʰaʔ
郙	*paʔ, *pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	*paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	*paːɡ, *baːɡ
欂	*paːɡ, *baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baʔ) : semantic 車 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǔ (fu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pu³ / fu³

• Eastern Min (BUC): hū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hú / hù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶vu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
    • Wade–Giles: fu³
    • Yale: fǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu⁶
    • Yale: fuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phú
    • Hakka Romanization System: pu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pu³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pu³ / fu³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/, /fu³¹/

Note:

• Meixian:
  • pu3 - vernacular;
  • fu3 - literary.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
    • Tâi-lô: hú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
    • Tâi-lô: hù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hux
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶vu
    • MiniDict: vu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjuX

Rime
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶雨切
Baxter	bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/bioX/
Shao Rongfen	/bioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆X/
Li Rong	/bioX/
Wang Li	/bĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*baʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)aʔ/
English	help
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
No.	3470
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	父
Old Chinese	/*baʔ/

Definitions

輔

1. (obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning
2. (literary) cheek
3. to assist

   • 曾子曰：「君子以文會友，以友輔仁。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     曾子曰：「君子以文会友，以友辅仁。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Céngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ yǐ wén huì yǒu, yǐ yǒu fǔ rén.” [Pinyin]

     The philosopher Zeng said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue."

4. (historical) area near the capital

Compounds

• 三輔／三辅 (sānfǔ)
• 個別輔導／个别辅导
• 內輔／内辅
• 公輔／公辅
• 右輔／右辅
• 團體輔導／团体辅导
• 基輔／基辅 (Jīfǔ)
• 基輔公國／基辅公国
• 天輔／天辅
• 太輔／太辅
• 夾輔／夹辅 (jiāfǔ)
• 宰輔／宰辅
• 就業輔導／就业辅导
• 左輔右弼／左辅右弼
• 教育輔導／教育辅导
• 生活輔導／生活辅导
• 畿輔／畿辅 (jīfǔ)
• 相輔相成／相辅相成 (xiāngfǔxiāngchéng)
• 相輔而成／相辅而成
• 相輔而行／相辅而行
• 職業輔導／职业辅导
• 臺輔／台辅
• 藩輔／藩辅
• 複輔音／复辅音 (fùfǔyīn)
• 課外輔導／课外辅导
• 課後輔導／课后辅导
• 課業輔導／课业辅导
• 車輔／车辅
• 輔仁大學／辅仁大学
• 輔佐／辅佐 (fǔzuǒ)
• 輔佐人／辅佐人
• 輔光／辅光
• 輔助／辅助 (fǔzhù)
• 輔助車道／辅助车道
• 輔國／辅国
• 輔導／辅导 (fǔdǎo)
• 輔導員／辅导员 (fǔdǎoyuán)
• 輔導級／辅导级
• 輔幣／辅币 (fǔbì)
• 輔弼／辅弼 (fǔbì)
• 輔弼之勛／辅弼之勋
• 輔政／辅政 (fǔzhèng)
• 輔時／辅时
• 輔相／辅相
• 輔翼／辅翼 (fǔyì)
• 輔行／辅行
• 輔贊／辅赞
• 輔車相依／辅车相依
• 輔車脣齒／辅车唇齿
• 輔選／辅选
• 輔音／辅音 (fǔyīn)
• 關輔／关辅
• 靨輔／靥辅 (yèfǔ)
• 頰輔／颊辅
• 魏良輔／魏良辅
• 鼎輔／鼎辅

 

References

• “輔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

輔

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. cheek, cheekbone
2. assist

   Synonyms: 扶, 補, 傅

Readings

• Go-on: ぶ (bu)^{←ぶ (bu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ふ (fu)^{←ふ (fu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
• Kun: かまち (kamachi, 輔)、そえぎ (soegi, 輔)^{←そへぎ (sofegi, 輔, historical)}、すけ (suke, 輔)、たすけ (tasuke, 輔け)、たすける (tasukeru, 輔ける)
• Nanori: すけ (suke)、たすく (tasuku)、たすけ (tasuke)、ゆう (yū)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 輔 is mostly replaced by 補, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 輔 replaced by daiyōji 補

補佐

補助

補導

Compounds

• 輔(ふ)佐(さ) (fusa)
• 輔(ほ)行(こう) (hokō)
• 輔(ほ)佐(さ) (hosa) (補(ほ)佐(さ))
• 輔(ほ)祭(さい) (hosai)
• 輔(ほ)賛(さん) (hosan)
• 輔(ほ)車(しゃ) (hosha)
• 輔(ほ)助(じょ) (hojo) (補(ほ)助(じょ))
• 輔(ほ)相(しょう) (hoshō)
• 輔(ほ)臣(しん) (hoshin)
• 輔(ほ)仁(じん) (hojin)
• 輔(ほ)成(せい) (hosei)
• 輔(ほ)導(どう) (hodō) (補(ほ)導(どう))
• 輔(ほ)弼(ひつ) (hohitsu) (補(ほ)弼(ひつ))
• 輔(ほ)払(ひつ) (hohitsu)
• 輔(ほ)翼(よく), 輔(ほ)翊(よく) (hoyoku) (補(ほ)翼(よく))
• 畿(き)輔(ほ) (kiho)
• 匡(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
• 夾(きょう)輔(ほ), 挟(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
• 頰(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
• 卿(けい)輔(ほ) (keiho)
• 賢(けん)輔(ぽ) (kenpo)
• 宰(さい)輔(ほ) (saiho)
• 三(さん)輔(ぽ) (sanpo)
• 師(し)輔(ほ) (shiho)
• 台(たい)輔(ほ) (taiho)
• 鼎(てい)輔(ほ) (teiho)
• 藩(はん)輔(ぽ) (hanpo)
• 右(ゆう)輔(ほ) (yūho)
• 靨(よう)輔(ほ) (yōho)
• 翼(よく)輔(ほ) (yokuho)
• 良(りょう)輔(ほ) (ryōho)

 

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [po̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [보]

Hanja

Wikisource

輔 (eum 보 (bo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

輔: Hán Nôm readings: phụ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.