占

See also: 佔

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

占 (Kangxi radical 25, 卜+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜口 (YR), four-corner 2160₀, composition ⿱⺊口)

Derived characters

• 點 (点, 奌) 店 佔 坫 战 粘 砧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2780
• Dae Jaweon: page 361, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 92, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5360

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		占

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 占
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	*ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	*rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	*slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	*tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	*tems, *tʰem
鉆	*tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	*ʔljem, *tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	*tjems, *teːm
苫	*hljem, *hljems
痁	*hljem, *teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	*teːmʔ, *teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	*tiːms, *tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	*teːb, *tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卜 + 口.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhān (zhan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiam

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹
    • Yale: jān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zim¹
    • Yale: jīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
    • Tâi-lô: tsiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyem

Rime
Character	占
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職廉切
Baxter	tsyem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciam/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tem/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	占
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyem ›
Old Chinese	/*tem/
English	prognosticate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	占
Reading #	1/2
No.	16706
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	詹
Old Chinese	/*ʔljem/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 占

1. to divine; to foretell
2. (obsolete) to watch or to peep
3. Variant pronunciation of sense "to recount orally" below

References

• “占”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiàm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zim³
    • Yale: jim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàm
    • Tâi-lô: tsiàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyemH

Rime
Character	占
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章豔切
Baxter	tsyemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciamH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjems/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	占
Reading #	2/2
No.	16709
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	占
Old Chinese	/*tjems/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 占

1. to recount orally

Usage notes

Sources vary in the pronunciation of sense "to recount orally". Zhengzitong recorded a level tone, yet Zihui recorded a departing tone.

The standard Mandarin pronunciation is zhàn in China Mainland and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English jam.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim¹ / zem¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zim¹ / zem¹
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹ / dzem¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim¹ / zém¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 占

1. (Cantonese) jam (type of fruit preserve)

Synonyms

• 果醬／果酱 (guǒjiàng)
• 果子醬／果子酱 (guǒzijiàng)
• (Cantonese) 果占
• (Min Nan) 苒 (rǎn)

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 占 – see 佔 (“to occupy; to possess; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 佔).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

占

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: しめる (shimeru, 占める, Jōyō); うらなう (uranau, 占う, Jōyō)^{←うらなふ (uranafu, 占ふ, historical)}; うら (ura, 占)

Compounds

Compounds

• 占卜(せんぼく) (senboku): augury, divination, fortune-telling
• 卜占(ぼくせん) (bokusen): augury, divination, fortune-telling
• 複占(ふくせん) (fukusen): duopoly

Noun

Kanji in this term
占
うら Grade: S
kun’yomi

占(うら) • (ura) 

1. (archaic) fortune-telling

Alternative forms

• 卜

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyemH).

Hanja

占 (eumhun 차지할 점 (chajihal jeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 점 (“to hold; to occupy”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 점거 (占據, jeomgeo)
• 점득 (占得, jeomdeuk)
• 점령 (占領, jeomnyeong)
• 점유 (占有, jeomyu)
• 독점 (獨占, dokjeom)
• 매점 (買占, maejeom)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyem). Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem) (Yale: cyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

占 (eumhun 점칠 점 (jeomchil jeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 점 (“to augur; to divine”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 점괘 (占卦, jeomgwae)
• 점서 (占書, jeomseo)
• 점서 (占筮, jeomseo)
• 점술 (占術, jeomsul)
• 점성술 (占星術, jeomseongsul)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

占: Hán Nôm readings: chiêm, chăm, chàm, chễm, chím, chiếm, giếm, chầm, chằm, chem, coi, xem

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.