女史

Chinese

		female; woman; daughter	scribe; annalist; record-keeper scribe; annalist; record-keeper; history
trad. (女史)		女	史
simp. #(女史)		女	史

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nǚshǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩˇ ㄕˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nǚshǐ [Phonetic: nǘshǐ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ ㄕˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nyǔshǐh
    • Wade–Giles: nü³-shih³
    • Yale: nyǔ-shř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neushyy
    • Palladius: нюйши (njujši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

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• Middle Chinese: nrjoX sriX

Rime
Character	女	史
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	尼吕切	踈士切
Baxter	nrjoX	sriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳɨʌX/	/ʃɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳiɔX/	/ʃɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/niɔX/	/ʃieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳɨə̆X/	/ʂɨX/
Li Rong	/niɔX/	/ʃiəX/
Wang Li	/nĭoX/	/ʃĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ni̯woX/	/ʂiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nǚ	shǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	neoi5	si2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nraʔ  s-rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*naʔ  srɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	女	史
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nǚ	shǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ nrjoX ›	‹ sriX ›
Old Chinese	/*nraʔ/	/*s-rəʔ/
English	female	scribe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	女	史
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	9616	11487
Phonetic component	女	史
Rime group	魚	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		史
Old Chinese	/*naʔ/	/*srɯʔ/

Noun

女史

1. (historical) a female secretary or attendant of the imperial household (woman in charge of the protocols, literacy, record-keeping, or scribal work, etc.)

   • 陳《女圖》以鏡監兮，顧女史而問《詩》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     陈《女图》以镜监兮，顾女史而问《诗》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Chén “Nǚtú” yǐ jìngjiàn xī, gù nǚshǐ ér wèn “Shī”. [Pinyin]

     Reflecting upon myself before the Portraits of Exemplar Women, I call upon the court lady to instruct me with the Book of Poetry.

   • 漢武帝有禁中起居注，後漢馬皇后撰明帝起居注，則漢起居注似在宮中，為女史之任。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     汉武帝有禁中起居注，后汉马皇后撰明帝起居注，则汉起居注似在宫中，为女史之任。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Du You, Tongdian, 766 – 801 CE

     Hànwǔdì yǒu jìnzhōng qǐjūzhù, Hòuhàn Mǎ Huánghòu zhuàn Míngdì qǐjūzhù, zé Hàn qǐjūzhù sì zài gōngzhōng, wéi nǚshǐ zhī rèn. [Pinyin]

     (For) Emperor Wu of Han there were the Palace Records; Empress Ma of the Latter Han wrote the Records of Emperor Ming. Thus it appears that the imperial Records were under the jurisdiction of the (private) palace and charged to the female secretaries in the era of Han.

2. (literary) an educated woman; a female scholar
3. (literary, uncommon) title for woman; Ms.

   Synonym: 女士 (nǚshì)

4. (historiography, feminism) feminist history; herstory

Proper noun

女史

1. (Chinese astronomy) 31 Draconis (traditional Chinese name for the star system)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
女	史
じょ Grade: 1	し Grade: 5
on’yomi

Noun

女(じょ)史(し) • (joshi) 

1. (ancient China) The title of one type of lady-in-waiting. During the Zhou Dynasty, this position was thought to be responsible for protocol and etiquette, changing during the Han Dynasty to handle the records of the inner palace.
2. (ancient Japan) The title of one type of lady-in-waiting under the Ritsuryō system.
3. Generic honorific suffix for women: Ms. / Miss / Mrs.

See also

• Zhou Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Han Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Ritsuryō on Wikipedia.Wikipedia