棟

See also: 栋 and 楝

棟 U+68DF, 棟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68DF ← 棞 [U+68DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 棠 → [U+68E0]

Translingual

Han character

棟 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 木木田 (DDW), four-corner 4599₆, composition ⿰木東)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 533, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14949
• Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1227, character 5
• Unihan data for U+68DF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (東) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
東	*toːŋ
菄	*toːŋ
鶇	*toːŋ
倲	*toːŋ
涷	*toːŋ, *toːŋs
蝀	*toːŋ, *toːŋʔ
凍	*toːŋ, *toːŋs
鯟	*toːŋ
崠	*toːŋ
埬	*toːŋ
棟	*toːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toːŋs): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		棟
simp.		栋

See the possibly-related Burmese တုံး (tum:, “log”) for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung³ / dung⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tòng / tàng / tiòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
    • Wade–Giles: tung⁴
    • Yale: dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
    • Palladius: дун (dun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dung³ / dung⁶
    • Yale: dung / duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung³ / dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung³ / dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³³/, /tʊŋ²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng
    • Tâi-lô: tòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doxng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàng
    • Tâi-lô: tàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daxng
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /taŋ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòng
    • Tâi-lô: tiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dioxng
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²¹/

Note:

• tòng - literary;
• tàng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dong³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tuwngH

Rime
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多貢切
Baxter	tuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋH/
Li Rong	/tuŋH/
Wang Li	/tuŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
No.	2448
Phonetic component	東
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	涷
Old Chinese	/*toːŋs/

Definitions

棟

1. main beam supporting a house; ridgepole
2. (literary) house; building
3. Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
4. (figurative) important person; pillars of the state

   • 子於鄭國，棟也。棟折榱崩，僑將厭焉，敢不盡言？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子于郑国，栋也。栋折榱崩，侨将厌焉，敢不尽言？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yú Zhèng guó, dòng yě. Dòng zhé cuī bēng, qiáo jiāng yàn yān, gǎn bù jìnyán? [Pinyin]

     You are the main support of the State of Zheng. If the main support be broken, the rafters will tumble down. I shall be crushed beneath them, and I must therefore speak out all my mind.

5. (Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak
6. a surname, Dong

Synonyms

• (house):

edit

• 住宅 (zhùzhái)
• 住屋 (zhùwū)
• 住房 (zhùfáng)
• 住所 (zhùsuǒ)
• 住處 / 住处 (zhùchù)
• 宅第 (⁸zaq-di) (Wu)
• 宅舍 (zháishè) (literary)
• 宮 / 宫 (gōng) (archaic)
• 家室 (jiāshì)
• 宮室 / 宫室 (gōngshì) (archaic)
• 家居 (jiājū)
• 家屋 (jiāwū) (literary)
• 寓 (yù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 寓所 (yùsuǒ) (formal)
• 居室 (jūshì)
• 居所 (jūsuǒ)
• 屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
• 屋宇 (wūyǔ) (literary)
• 屋舍 (wūshè) (literary or Hakka)
• 徛厝 (Hokkien)
• 房子 (fángzi)
• 房宇 (fángyǔ) (literary)
• 房屋 (fángwū)
• 房舍 (fángshè) (literary)

Compounds

• 上棟下宇 / 上栋下宇
• 中棟 / 中栋
• 乾棟 / 干栋
• 充棟 / 充栋
• 充棟汗牛 / 充栋汗牛
• 充棟盈車 / 充栋盈车
• 在棟 / 在栋
• 孤棟 / 孤栋
• 宰棟 / 宰栋
• 層棟 / 层栋
• 懸棟 / 悬栋
• 文棟 / 文栋
• 時棟 / 时栋
• 松棟 / 松栋
• 松棟雲牖 / 松栋云牖
• 柱棟 / 柱栋
• 桂棟 / 桂栋
• 桴棟 / 桴栋
• 棟宇 / 栋宇
• 棟幹 / 栋干
• 棟折 / 栋折
• 棟折榱壞 / 栋折榱坏
• 棟折榱崩 / 栋折榱崩
• 棟撓 / 栋挠
• 棟星 / 栋星
• 棟朽榱崩 / 栋朽榱崩
• 棟材 / 栋材
• 棟桴 / 栋桴
• 棟楹 / 栋楹
• 棟榱 / 栋榱
• 棟樑 / 栋梁 (dòngliáng)
• 棟樑之材 / 栋梁之材
• 棟樑材 / 栋梁材
• 棟橈 / 栋桡
• 棟甍 / 栋甍
• 棟篤笑 / 栋笃笑
• 棟鄂 / 栋鄂
• 棟鄂部 / 栋鄂部
• 棟隆 / 栋隆
• 椽棟 / 椽栋
• 楣棟 / 楣栋
• 楹棟 / 楹栋
• 榱崩棟折 / 榱崩栋折
• 榱棟 / 榱栋
• 樑棟 / 梁栋
• 樹榾棟 / 树榾栋
• 汗牛充棟 / 汗牛充栋 (hànniúchōngdòng)
• 汗牛塞棟 / 汗牛塞栋
• 甍棟 / 甍栋
• 生棟 / 生栋
• 畫棟 / 画栋
• 畫棟雕樑 / 画栋雕梁
• 畫棟飛甍 / 画栋飞甍
• 畫樑雕棟 / 画梁雕栋
• 積棟 / 积栋
• 積簡充棟 / 积简充栋
• 茅棟 / 茅栋
• 複棟 / 复栋
• 起棟 / 起栋
• 連棟 / 连栋
• 連牆接棟 / 连墙接栋
• 連甍接棟 / 连甍接栋
• 邦棟 / 邦栋
• 金鰲玉棟 / 金鳌玉栋
• 隆棟 / 隆栋
• 雕樑畫棟 / 雕梁画栋
• 雨棟風簾 / 雨栋风帘
• 雨簾雲棟 / 雨帘云栋
• 雲棟 / 云栋
• 飛棟 / 飞栋
• 高棟 / 高栋

See also

• 嶺／岭 (lǐng, “mountain ridge, mountain peak”)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棟 – see 戙 (“Cantonese: to make erect”). (This character is a variant form of 戙).

References

• 蓝勇. 第十三章：历史时期西南综合文化区的划分. 《西南历史文化地理》. 西南师范大学出版社. 1997. →ISBN.

Japanese

Kanji

棟

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: つ (tsu)、つう (tsū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kun: むね (mune, 棟, Jōyō)、むな (muna, 棟, Jōyō ^†)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
棟
むね Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) むね [múꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) むね [mùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ne̞]

Counter

棟(むね) • (-mune) 

1. buildings

See also

• 戸(こ) (ko)
• 軒(けん) (ken)

Noun

棟(むね) • (mune) 

1. (architecture) ridge of a roof

Derived terms

• 棟木(むなぎ) (munagi)
• 棟上(むねあ)げ (muneage)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
棟
とう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

棟(とう) • (tō) 

1. large building

Suffix

棟(とう) • (-tō) 

1. building

Derived terms

• 棟梁(とうりょう) (tōryō)
• 病棟(びょうとう) (byōtō)

References

• “棟”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Han character

棟 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of đông.

References

• Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Han character

棟: Hán Việt readings: đống
棟: Nôm readings: đống, đóng, chống, gióng, đúng

1. chữ Nôm form of chống (“to prop up; to lean on”)
2. chữ Nôm form of đống (“heap, pile”)
   • Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經), 12th century, folio 7a

     奴𱍸孛侯󰝡大󰕛多正南，体𠬛棟昌枯。

     No ấy Bụt hầu đem đại chúng đi chính nam, thấy một đống xương khô.

     At that time, the Buddha was leading the people on a walk to the south [when they] saw a pile of dried bones.

3. chữ Nôm form of gióng (“to beat, to ring”)