棟

See also: 栋 and 楝

棟 U+68DF, 棟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68DF ← 棞 [U+68DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 棠 → [U+68E0]

Translingual

Han character

棟 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木田 (DDW), four-corner 4599₆, composition ⿰木東)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 533, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14949
• Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1227, character 5
• Unihan data for U+68DF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (東) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
東	*toːŋ
菄	*toːŋ
鶇	*toːŋ
倲	*toːŋ
涷	*toːŋ, *toːŋs
蝀	*toːŋ, *toːŋʔ
凍	*toːŋ, *toːŋs
鯟	*toːŋ
崠	*toːŋ
埬	*toːŋ
棟	*toːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋs): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		棟
simp.		栋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung³, dung⁶
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tòng / tàng / tiòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
    • Wade–Giles: tung⁴
    • Yale: dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
    • Palladius: дун (dun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung³, dung⁶
    • Yale: dung, duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung³, dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung³, dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³³/, /tʊŋ²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng
    • Tâi-lô: tòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàng
    • Tâi-lô: tàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daxng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /taŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòng
    • Tâi-lô: tiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dioxng
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²¹/

Note:

• tòng - literary;
• tàng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dong³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tuwngH

Rime
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多貢切
Baxter	tuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋH/
Li Rong	/tuŋH/
Wang Li	/tuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
No.	2448
Phonetic component	東
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	涷
Old Chinese	/*toːŋs/

Definitions

棟

1. main beam supporting a house; ridgepole
2. (literary) house; building
3. Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
4. (figurative) important person; pillars of the state

   • 子於鄭國，棟也。棟折榱崩，僑將厭焉，敢不盡言？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子于郑国，栋也。栋折榱崩，侨将厌焉，敢不尽言？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yú Zhèng guó, dòng yě. Dòng zhé cuī bēng, qiáo jiāng yàn yān, gǎn bù jìnyán? [Pinyin]

     You are the main support of the State of Zheng. If the main support be broken, the rafters will tumble down. I shall be crushed beneath them, and I must therefore speak out all my mind.

5. (Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak
6. a surname: Dong

Synonyms

• (house):

• 住宅 (zhùzhái)
• 住屋 (zhùwū)
• 住房 (zhùfáng)
• 住所 (zhùsuǒ)
• 住處／住处 (zhùchù)
• 宅第 (⁸zaq-di) (Wu)
• 宅舍 (zháishè) (literary)
• 宮／宫 (gōng) (archaic)
• 家室 (jiāshì)
• 宮室／宫室 (gōngshì) (archaic)
• 家居 (jiājū)
• 家屋 (jiāwū) (literary)
• 寓 (yù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 寓所 (yùsuǒ) (formal)
• 居室 (jūshì)
• 居所 (jūsuǒ)
• 屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
• 屋宇 (wūyǔ) (literary)
• 屋舍 (wūshè) (literary or Hakka)
• 房子 (fángzi)
• 房宇 (fángyǔ) (literary)
• 房屋 (fángwū)
• 房舍 (fángshè) (literary)

 

Compounds

• 棟梁之材／栋梁之材
• 棟樑／栋梁 (dòngliáng)
• 棟篤笑／栋笃笑

 

See also

• 嶺／岭 (lǐng, “mountain ridge, mountain peak”)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棟 – see 戙 (“Cantonese: to make erect”). (This character, 棟, is a variant form of 戙.)

References

• 蓝勇. 第十三章：历史时期西南综合文化区的划分. 《西南历史文化地理》. 西南师范大学出版社. 1997. →ISBN.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
棟
とう Grade: S
on’yomi

Kanji in this term
棟
むね Grade: S
kun’yomi

Kanji

棟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: つ (tsu); つう (tsū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kun: むね (mune, 棟, Jōyō); むな (muna, 棟, Jōyō ^†)

Counter

棟(とう) or 棟(むね) • (-tō or -mune) 

1. buildings

Synonyms

• 戸(こ) (ko)
• 軒(けん) (ken)

Noun

棟(とう) • (tō) 

1. large building

棟(むね) • (mune) 

1. ridge of a roof

Suffix

棟(とう) • (-tō) 

1. building

Korean

Hanja

棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Han character

棟 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of đông.

References

• Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

棟: Hán Nôm readings: đống

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.