極

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See also: 极

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Translingual

Han character

極 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木一水一 (DMEM) or 木弓水一 (DNEM), four-corner 41914, composition ⿰木亟)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 542, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15181
  • Dae Jaweon: page 929, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1240, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6975

Chinese

trad. 極
simp. 极*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 極
Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (茍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
亟 *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ
茍 *kɯɡ
殛 *kɯɡ
極 *ɡɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 亟 (OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) - originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 極
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /kʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kek̚²/
Nanning /kek̚²²/
Hong Kong /kik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kek̚³/
Rime
Character 極
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 渠力切
Baxter gik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 極
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ](r)ək/
English extreme

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 極
Reading # 1/1
No. 5738
Phonetic
component 		茍
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		極
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 極

  1. † ridgepole; ridgepiece
  2. † highest position; top rank
  3. † throne; seat of state
  4. † highest point; top; peak
  5. extremity; limit; end; utmost point
  6. extreme; of the highest degree; utmost; furthest; final
    • 極品／极品  ―  jípǐn  ―  item of the highest quality
    • 極限／极限  ―  jíxiàn  ―  limit, the utmost limits
  7. extremely; exceedingly; very
  8. † highest norm; highest standard
  9. (geography, physics) pole
  10. (astronomy) Polaris
  11. quindecillion(1048)
  12. † to reach (the limit or standard)
  13. † to exhaust; to do one's utmost
  14. † to study deeply; to examine deeply
  15. † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 殛 (jí, “to punish”).
  16. † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 亟 (jí, “fast; speedy”).
  17. † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 亟 (jí, “anxiously”).
  18. † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 亟 (jí, “repeatedly”).

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

極

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. pole (eg. North Pole); extremity, zenith
  1. quindecillion

Readings

Compounds

Number

極(ごく) • (goku) 

  1. A number of 1048 in modern Japanese since 17th century.

Adverb

極(ごく) • (goku) 

  1. very, extremely
    ごく稀(まれ)に
    goku-mare ni
    very rarely; seldom
    ごく普通(ふつう)
    goku-futsū
    very ordinary

Korean

Hanja

極 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 極 (cực, cọc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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