生活

Chinese

		to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw	to live; alive; living to live; alive; living; work; workmanship
simp. and trad. (生活)		生	活
anagram		活生

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shēnghuó

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄏㄨㄛˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сынхуә (sɨnhuə, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sang¹ wut⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên-fa̍t
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng-uăk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): seng-oa̍h / sng-oa̍h / seng-hoa̍t / sng-hoa̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sên¹ uah⁸

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹san-weq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēnghuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄏㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shenghuó
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹-huo²
    • Yale: shēng-hwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenghwo
    • Palladius: шэнхо (šɛnxo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сынхуә (sɨnhuə, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /səŋ²⁴ xuə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sang¹ wut⁶
    • Yale: sāng wuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sang¹ wut⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: seng¹ wud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐŋ⁵⁵ wuːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-fa̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: sen´ fad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹ fad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴⁻¹¹ fat̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng-uăk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋuaʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-oa̍h
    • Tâi-lô: sing-ua̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seng'oah
    • IPA (Kinmen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² uaʔ⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ uaʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² uaʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-oa̍h
    • Tâi-lô: sng-ua̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sng'oah
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sŋ̍³³ uaʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-hoa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: sing-hua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: senghoat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-hoa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: sng-hua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: snghoat
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ huat̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sên¹ uah⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ ua̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sẽ³³⁻²³ uaʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹san-weq
    • MiniDict: san^平 weh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹san-hhueq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵⁵ ɦuəʔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: sraeng|sraengH kwat|hwat

Rime
Character	生	生	活	活
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)	末 (64)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	II	I	I
Fanqie	所庚切	所敬切	古活切	戸括切
Baxter	sraeng	sraengH	kwat	hwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋH/	/kuɑt̚/	/ɦuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋH/	/kʷɑt̚/	/ɦʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋH/	/kuɑt̚/	/ɣuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋH/	/kwat̚/	/ɦwat̚/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/	/kuɑt̚/	/ɣuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋH/	/kuɑt̚/	/ɣuɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋH/	/kuɑt̚/	/ɣuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	shèng	guo	huó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1	sang3	gut3	wut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ  [ɡ]ʷˤat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs  koːd|ɡoːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	生	生	活
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng	shēng	huó
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›	‹ hwat ›
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)	/*[ɡ]ʷˁat/
English	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live	to live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	生	活	活
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
No.	11312	11322	7568	7585
Phonetic component	生	生	桰	桰
Rime group	耕	耕	月	月
Rime subdivision	0	0	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	生	生	括	活
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/	/*koːd/	/*ɡoːd/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 生活

1. life (activities in life)

   日常生活  ―  rìcháng shēnghuó  ―  everyday life

   城市生活  ―  chéngshì shēnghuó  ―  urban life

   生活節奏／生活节奏  ―  shēnghuó jiézòu  ―  pace of life

   豪華生活／豪华生活  ―  háohuá shēnghuó  ―  high life

   熱愛生活／热爱生活  ―  rè'ài shēnghuó  ―  to love one's life

   生活態度／生活态度  ―  shēnghuó tàidù  ―  outlook on life

   我感覺自己的生活很無聊。 [MSC, trad.]
   我感觉自己的生活很无聊。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ gǎnjiào zìjǐ de shēnghuó hěn wúliáo. [Pinyin]

   I feel my life is boring.

   我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]

   We all long for a happy life.

   這個技術能讓我們的生活更方便。 [MSC, trad.]
   这个技术能让我们的生活更方便。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè ge jìshù néng ràng wǒmen de shēnghuó gèng fāngbiàn. [Pinyin]

   This technology can make our lives more convenient.

2. livelihood

Synonyms

• (livelihood):

(deprecated template usage)

• 世故 (shìgù) (archaic)
• 生涯 (shēngyá)
• 生產／生产 (shēngchǎn) (archaic)
• 生計／生计 (shēngjì)
• 生路 (shēnglù)
• 飯碗／饭碗 (fànwǎn) (figurative, informal)

 

Verb

生活

1. to live; to exist; to lead a lifestyle

   健康生活  ―  jiànkāng shēnghuó  ―  to lead a healthy lifestyle

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (生活):

• → Japanese: 生活(せいかつ) (seikatsu)
• → Korean: 생활(生活) (saenghwal)
• → Vietnamese: sinh hoạt (生活)

See also

• 人生 (rénshēng)
• 生命 (shēngmìng)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
生	活
せい Grade: 1	かつ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

生(せい)活(かつ) • (seikatsu) 

1. life; livelihood; daily living.

Usage notes

生活 is distinct from 命 (いのち, inochi, life), because it refers to daily life and livelihood as it is experienced, whereas 命 refers to life as a whole (from birth to death), or as an abstract concept. Both are generally translated as life, however, as this distinction is not normally made in English.

Synonyms

• 暮(く)らし (kurashi)

Derived terms

• 生活費(せいかつひ) (seikatsuhi): living expenses
• 生活様式(せいかつようしき) (seikatsu-yōshiki): life style
• 実生活(じっせいかつ) (jisseikatsu): actual life
• 日常生活(にちじょうせいかつ) (nichijō-seikatsu): daily life

Verb

生(せい)活(かつ)する • (seikatsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 生(せい)活(かつ)し (seikatsu shi), past 生(せい)活(かつ)した (seikatsu shita))

1. live a life

Conjugation

Conjugation of "生活する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	生活し	せいかつし	seikatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	生活し	せいかつし	seikatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	生活する	せいかつする	seikatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	生活する	せいかつする	seikatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	生活すれ	せいかつすれ	seikatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	生活せよ¹ 生活しろ²	せいかつせよ¹ せいかつしろ²	seikatsu seyo¹ seikatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	生活される	せいかつされる	seikatsu sareru
Causative	生活させる 生活さす	せいかつさせる せいかつさす	seikatsu saseru seikatsu sasu
Potential	生活できる	せいかつできる	seikatsu dekiru
Volitional	生活しよう	せいかつしよう	seikatsu shiyō
Negative	生活しない	せいかつしない	seikatsu shinai
Negative continuative	生活せず	せいかつせず	seikatsu sezu
Formal	生活します	せいかつします	seikatsu shimasu
Perfective	生活した	せいかつした	seikatsu shita
Conjunctive	生活して	せいかつして	seikatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	生活すれば	せいかつすれば	seikatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Korean

Hanja in this term
生	活

Noun

生活 • (saenghwal) (hangeul 생활)

1. Hanja form^? of 생활 (“lifestyle, way of life, daily living”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
生	活

Noun

生活

1. Template:han tu form of