睪

See also: 睾

Translingual

Han character

睪 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中土廿十 (WLGTJ), four-corner 2640₁, composition ⿱罒幸)

Derived characters

• 凙(𪞝), 嶧(峄), 懌(怿), 擇(择/択), 澤(泽/沢), 𤢟(𤝢), 殬, 襗(𫋷), 𥼶(𬖘), 繹(绎), 譯(译/訳), 𨆅(𬦫), 釋(释/釈), 鐸(铎/鈬), 𩏪(𩏽), 䭞(𬲳), 驛(驿/駅), 斁(𭣧), 𢍰(𪪴), 圛

Related characters

• 睾 (Preferred form used for the pronunciation "gāo" in mainland China and Hong Kong)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23466
• Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2918, character 6
• Unihan data for U+776A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		睪
alternative forms		𥇝 𥇡 𦎝 睾 𠬤 nonstandard simplification
睾 - "testicle" used in mainland China and Hong Kong

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 睪
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (睪) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
斁	*ʔl'aːɡs, *l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜	*l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀	*l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸	*l'aːɡ
凙	*l'aːɡ
襗	*l'aːɡ, *rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇	*rlaːɡ
澤	*rlaːɡ
鸅	*rlaːɡ
蠌	*rlaːɡ
檡	*rlaːɡ, *hljaɡ
釋	*hljaɡ
繹	*laːɡ
睪	*neb, *laːɡ, *kuː
譯	*laːɡ
嶧	*laːɡ
懌	*laːɡ
驛	*laːɡ
醳	*laːɡ
圛	*laːɡ
墿	*laːɡ
燡	*laːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 㚔.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): e̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jik⁶
    • Yale: yihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: yek, nrjep

Rime
Character	睪	睪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	葉 (156)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊益切	尼輒切
Baxter	yek	nrjep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/	/ɳˠiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/	/ɳᵚiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/	/niæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/	/ɳjiap̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/	/njɛp̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/	/nĭɛp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/	/ni̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	niè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik6	nip6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/, /*neb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睪	睪
Reading #	2/3	1/3
No.	15137	13887
Phonetic component	睪	幸
Rime group	鐸	盍
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	繹	聶
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/	/*neb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 睪

1. to spy on
2. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāo (gao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gau¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): gŏ̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ko / ko͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gao
    • Wade–Giles: kao¹
    • Yale: gāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
    • Palladius: гао (gao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gou¹
    • Yale: gōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
    • Tâi-lô: ko
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koy
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kof
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gao¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kau
    • MiniDict: kau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

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• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睪
Reading #	3/3
No.	3784
Phonetic component	皋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髙
Old Chinese	/*kuː/
Notes	皐字注俗體，見靈樞

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 睪

1. testicle

   alt. forms: 睾 — See usage notes below.

2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “tall; high”).
3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 皞 (hào, “bright; shining”).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zé (ze²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zé
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zé
    • Wade–Giles: tsê²
    • Yale: dzé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
    • Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaak⁶
    • Yale: jaahk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zag⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚²/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 睪

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 澤 (“Eupatorium”) See also: 澤蘭
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 擇.

Usage notes

• In mainland China and Hong Kong, 睾 is the orthodox form used for the pronunciation "gāo" meaning testicle.
• In Taiwan, 睪 is the orthodox form while 睾 is considered as a variant form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 睪.

References

• “睪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02784

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Japanese

Kanji

睪

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): えき (eki), やく (yaku), じょう (jō), にょう (nyō)
• Kun: うかがいめる (ukagaimeru)

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Korean

Hanja

睪 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.