自殺
Appearance
See also: 自杀
Chinese
[edit]| self | to kill; to murder; to slaughter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (自殺) | 自 | 殺 | |
| simp. (自杀) | 自 | 杀 | |
| alternative forms | ZS Internet euphemism | ||
Etymology
[edit]The sense of "cutting a fruit" is influenced by Hokkien 刣 (thâi, “to cut open or to kill”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi4 sa2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi6 saat3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zi3 sah4
- Eastern Min (BUC): cê̤ṳ-sák
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zo5 sah6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6zy-saq7 / 2zy6-saeq7
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zìshā
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄕㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhsha
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-sha1
- Yale: dz̀-shā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhsha
- Palladius: цзыша (czyša)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zi4 sa2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zsa
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹³ sa²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi6 saat3
- Yale: jih saat
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6 saat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ji6 sad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː²² saːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-sat
- Hakka Romanization System: cii sadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci4 sad5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ sat̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cii˖ sad
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³³ sat⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zi3 sah4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵ saʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cê̤ṳ-sák
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ (s-)lɑʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zo5 sah6 [Phonetic: zo4 sah6]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceō-sah
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so¹¹⁻⁴² ɬaʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zo5 sah6 [Phonetic: zo4 sah6]
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so²¹⁻⁴² ɬaʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-sat
- Tâi-lô: tsīr-sat
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² sat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chī-sat
- Tâi-lô: tsī-sat
- Phofsit Daibuun: cixsad
- Sinological IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡si⁴¹⁻²² sat̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ze6 suah4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ suah
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ suaʔ²/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: dzijH sreat
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[b]i[t]-s s<r>at/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljids sreːd/
Verb
[edit]自殺
- (intransitive) to commit suicide; to kill oneself; to take one's own life
- Coordinate term: 他殺 / 他杀 (tāshā)
- 服毒自殺/服毒自杀 ― fúdú zìshā ― to commit suicide by taking poison
- 自殺行為/自杀行为 ― zìshā xíngwéi ― suicidal behavior
- 自殺危機/自杀危机 ― zìshā wēijī ― suicidal crisis
- 自殺傾向/自杀倾向 ― zìshā qīngxiàng ― suicidality
- 自殺經歷/自杀经历 ― zìshā jīnglì ― lived experience of suicide
- 割腕自殺/割腕自杀 ― gēwàn zìshā ― to commit suicide by cutting one's wrists
- 他去年自殺了。/他去年自杀了。 ― Tā qùnián zìshā le. ― He took his own life last year.
- (Taiwan, slang) (of the buyer) to cut a fruit, etc., especially a pineapple oneself (instead of asking the vendor to do it)
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 自殺 (“to commit suicide”) [map]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 殺 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
さつ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 自殺 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 自殺する
| Plain | 自殺する | じさつ・する | [jìsátsú sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 自殺して | じさつ・して | [jìsátsú shìté] |
| Perfective | 自殺した | じさつ・した | [jìsátsú shìtá] |
| Negative | 自殺しない | じさつ・しない | [jìsátsú shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 自殺しなかった | じさつ・しなかった | [jìsátsú shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 自殺すれば | じさつ・すれば | [jìsátsú sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 自殺したら | じさつ・したら | [jìsátsú shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 自殺しろ 自殺せよ |
じさつ・しろ じさつ・せよ |
[jìsátsú shìró] [jìsátsú séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 自殺しよう | じさつ・しよー | [jìsátsú shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 自殺したい | じさつ・したい | [jìsátsú shìtáí] |
| Formal | 自殺します | じさつ・します | [jìsátsú shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 自殺しません | じさつ・しません | [jìsátsú shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 自殺しましょう | じさつ・しましょー | [jìsátsú shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 自殺しました | じさつ・しました | [jìsátsú shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 自殺し 自殺しに |
じさつ・し じさつ・しに |
[jìsátsú shì] [jìsátsú shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 自殺せず 自殺せずに |
じさつ・せず じさつ・せずに |
[jìsátsú séꜜzù] [jìsátsú séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 自殺される | じさつ・される | [jìsátsú sàrérú] |
| Causative | 自殺させる 自殺さす |
じさつ・させる じさつ・さす |
[jìsátsú sàsérú] [jìsátsú sàsú] |
| Potential | 自殺できる | じさつ・できる | [jìsátsú dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- suicide
- 1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “四畳半SL旅行 [Yojōhan SL Travel]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 127:
- パパがあまいからですよ。
- Papa ga amai kara desu yo.
- You’re too easy on him, honey.
- Da ga na, kibishiku shite iede ya jisatsu demo sarete wa na.
- If I were to be tough on him, he would run away and kill himself.
- Sō ne. Anna kawatta ko desu kara ne……….
- You’re right. He’s such a peculiar child………
- パパがあまいからですよ。
Coordinate terms
[edit]- 他殺 (tasatsu)
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]自殺する • (jisatsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 自殺し (jisatsu shi), past 自殺した (jisatsu shita))
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 自殺し | じさつし | jisatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 自殺し | じさつし | jisatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 自殺する | じさつする | jisatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 自殺する | じさつする | jisatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 自殺すれ | じさつすれ | jisatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 自殺せよ¹ 自殺しろ² |
じさつせよ¹ じさつしろ² |
jisatsu seyo¹ jisatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 自殺される | じさつされる | jisatsu sareru |
| Causative | 自殺させる 自殺さす |
じさつさせる じさつさす |
jisatsu saseru jisatsu sasu |
| Potential | 自殺できる | じさつできる | jisatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 自殺しよう | じさつしよう | jisatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 自殺しない | じさつしない | jisatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 自殺せず | じさつせず | jisatsu sezu |
| Formal | 自殺します | じさつします | jisatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 自殺した | じさつした | jisatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 自殺して | じさつして | jisatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 自殺すれば | じさつすれば | jisatsu sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “自殺”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 殺 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 殺 |
Verb
[edit]自殺
Categories:
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