造

Translingual

Han character

造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 3430₆, composition ⿺辶告)

Derived characters

• 慥, 糙, 簉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
• Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9020

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Chinese

trad.		造
simp. #		造

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
造	*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
慥	*skʰuːɡs
艁	*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
糙	*skʰuːɡs
告	*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
誥	*kuːɡs
郜	*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
祰	*kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ
靠	*kʰuːɡs
浩	*ɡuːʔ, *kuːb
晧	*ɡuːʔ
皓	*ɡuːʔ
窖	*kruːɡs
簉	*skʰruɡs
梏	*kruːɡ, *kuːɡ
硞	*kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ
牿	*kuːɡ
鵠	*kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ
酷	*kʰuːɡ
焅	*kʰuːɡ
嚳	*kʰuːɡ
頶	*ɡuːɡ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ) : semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 造

1. to make; to build

   • 萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
     万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3

     Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]

     All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

2. to manufacture; to make; to produce
3. to create; to invent; to establish
4. to make up; to fabricate
5. to institute
6. era; period
7. crop; harvest
8. (law) party concerned in the suit
9. (Mandarin) Eye dialect spelling of 知道 (zhīdào), representing Taiwan Chinese.
   • 你造嗎？／你造吗？  ―  Nǐ zào ma?  ―  Didja know?

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zào, cào (zao⁴, cao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ, ㄘㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou³
• Eastern Min (BUC): chó̤

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zào
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zào
    • Wade–Giles: tsao⁴
    • Yale: dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
    • Palladius: цзао (czao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cào
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cào
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao⁴
    • Yale: tsàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaw
    • Palladius: цао (cao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cou³
    • Yale: chou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshawH

Rime
Character	造
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七到切
Baxter	tshawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰawH/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑuH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*(mə-)tsʰˤuʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*skʰuːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	造
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zào
Middle Chinese	‹ tshawH ›
Old Chinese	/*(mə-)tsʰˁuʔ-s/
English	go to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	造
Reading #	1/2
No.	3799
Phonetic component	告
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	操
Old Chinese	/*skʰuːɡs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 造

1. to go to; to arrive at; to reach
2. to visit; to pay a visit; to call to pay respect
3. to achieve; to attain; to accomplish
4. achievement; accomplishment; attainment

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”). (This character is a variant form of 𢲵).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

造

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. create, make, physique, structure

Readings

• Go-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}; そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kun: いたる (itaru, 造る); つく (tsuku); つくる (tsukuru, 造る, Jōyō); つくり (tsukuri, 造り); なる (naru, 造る); みやつこ (miyatsuko, 造)
• Nanori: いたる (itaru); なり (nari); なる (naru); はじめ (hajime); みやつこ (miyatsuko)

Compounds

• 創造(そうぞう) (sōzō)
• 構造(こうぞう) (kōzō)

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Korean

Hanja

造 (eum 조 (jo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

造: Hán Nôm readings: tạo, xáo, xạo, tháo

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.