造
Translingual
Han character
造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
- Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9020
Chinese
trad. | 造 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 造 |
Glyph origin
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ) : semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zou6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chho
- Northern Min (KCR): càu
- Eastern Min (BUC): cô̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6zau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zào
- Wade–Giles: tsao4
- Yale: dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- Palladius: цзао (czao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zou6
- Yale: jouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzou6
- Guangdong Romanization: zou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
- Hakka Romanization System: co
- Hagfa Pinyim: co4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: càu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- chǒ - vernacular;
- chǒ͘ - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 造 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sɑu⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /t͡sau⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡sɑu⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡sɔ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sɔ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sau³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡sɔ²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡sɔ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡sɔ¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡sɔ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰau³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰau¹³/ /t͡sau¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰao²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡sɔo⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/ /t͡sɔ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰau⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zɔ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zæ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡zɔ¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /zɜ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɔ²²/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰə²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ 建~ /t͡sau¹¹/ ~孽 |
Xiangtan | /t͡sʰaɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɑu²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰau⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sou²²/ |
Nanning | /t͡su²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sou²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰo²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sau⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sau³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tau³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzawX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dzˤ]uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɡuːʔ/
Definitions
- to make; to build
- 萬物是藉著他造的;凡被造的,沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3
- Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]
- All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
万物是借着他造的;凡被造的,没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]
- to manufacture; to make; to produce
- to create; to invent; to establish
- to make up; to fabricate
- to institute
- era; period
- crop; harvest
- (law) party concerned in the suit
- (Mandarin) Eye dialect spelling of 知道 (zhīdào), representing Taiwan Chinese.
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zào
- Wade–Giles: tsao4
- Yale: dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- Palladius: цзао (czao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cào
- Wade–Giles: tsʻao4
- Yale: tsàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaw
- Palladius: цао (cao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cou3
- Yale: chou
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsou3
- Guangdong Romanization: cou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰou̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chó̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Middle Chinese: tshawH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*(mə-)tsʰˤuʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*skʰuːɡs/
Definitions
- to go to; to arrive at; to reach
- to visit; to pay a visit; to call to pay respect
- to achieve; to attain; to accomplish
- achievement; accomplishment; attainment
Compounds
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”). (This character is a variant form of 𢲵). |
Japanese
Kanji
造
Readings
- Go-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)←ざう (zau, historical); そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kun: いたる (itaru, 造る); つく (tsuku); つくる (tsukuru, 造る, Jōyō); つくり (tsukuri, 造り); なる (naru, 造る); みやつこ (miyatsuko, 造)
- Nanori: いたる (itaru); なり (nari); なる (naru); はじめ (hajime); みやつこ (miyatsuko)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
造 (eum 조 (jo))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
造: Hán Nôm readings: tạo, xáo, xạo, tháo
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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