鴿

See also: 鸽

Translingual

Han character

鴿 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人口竹日火 (ORHAF), four-corner 8762₇, composition ⿰合鳥)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1489, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46884
• Dae Jaweon: page 2020, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4630, character 15
• Unihan data for U+9D3F

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Chinese

trad.		鴿
simp.		鸽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鴿
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
龕	*kʰuːm
媕	*quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜	*ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
答	*tkuːb
畣	*tkuːb
荅	*tkuːb
嗒	*tuːb, *tʰoːb
褡	*tuːb, *toːb
撘	*tuːb
搭	*tuːb, *tʰoːb
榙	*tkuːb, *ɡuːb
佮	*tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
蛤	*kuːb
鴿	*kuːb
合	*kuːb, *ɡuːb
郃	*kuːb, *ɡuːb
匌	*kuːb, *kʰuːb
鉿	*kuːb
閤	*kuːb
鞈	*kuːb, *kruːb
韐	*kuːb, *kruːb
鮯	*kuːb
哈	*ŋɡuːb
姶	*quːb, *quːb
欱	*qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
盒	*ɡuːb
耠	*ɡuːb
詥	*ɡuːb
塔	*tʰuːb
鞳	*tʰoːb
劄	*rtuːb
跲	*kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
袷	*kruːb, *ŋkob
餄	*kruːb
恰	*kʰruːb
帢	*kʰruːb
洽	*ɡruːb
祫	*ɡruːb
珨	*ɡruːb
烚	*ɡruːb
歙	*qʰjob, *qʰrub
湁	*tkʰub
拾	*ɡjub
給	*krub
翕	*qʰrub
噏	*qʰrub
潝	*qʰrub
熻	*qʰrub
嬆	*qʰrub
翖	*qʰrub
闟	*qʰrub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gē (ge¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaap³ / gap³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kap
• Northern Min (KCR): gŏ̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gab⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gē
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ge
    • Wade–Giles: ko¹
    • Yale: gē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
    • Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: go²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaap³ / gap³
    • Yale: gaap / gap
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaap⁸ / gap⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: gab³ / geb³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːp̚³/, /kɐp̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kap
    • Hakka Romanization System: gab`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gab⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kap̚²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kap
    • Tâi-lô: kap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kab
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kap̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kap̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kap̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gab⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kap
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kap̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鴿
Mandarin	Beijing	/kɤ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kɤ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kɤ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/kə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ka⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kɤ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kɤ²¹/
	Xining	/ku⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ko³¹/
	Guiyang	/ko²¹/
	Kunming	/ko³¹/
	Nanjing	/koʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kəʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kø²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kən²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ko²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ko²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɵʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kap̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kɑp̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐp̚³/ /kap̚³/
	Nanning	/kɐp̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kɐp̚³/ /kap̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kap̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kap̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kap̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kop

Rime
Character	鴿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	合 (160)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古沓切
Baxter	kop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kəp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəp̚/
Li Rong	/kᴀp̚/
Wang Li	/kɒp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ge
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gap3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[ə]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gē
Middle Chinese	‹ kop ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ[ə]p/ (no pre-Qín exx.)
English	dove [not in GSR]
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴿
Reading #	1/1
No.	4954
Phonetic component	合
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	閤
Old Chinese	/*kuːb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 鴿

1. pigeon; dove
2. (neologism, Internet slang, humorous) Short for 放鴿子／放鸽子 (fàng gēzi)

1. 鴿了／鸽了  ―  gē le  ―  to be failed to show up by someone

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Japanese

Kanji

鴿

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. dove
2. temple pigeon

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かふ (kafu, historical)}
• Kun: はと (hato, 鴿)

Noun

Kanji in this term
鴿
はと Hyōgai
kun'yomi

鴿(はと) or 鴿(ハト) • (hato) 

1. Alternative spelling of 鳩 (“pigeon; dove”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 鴿 (cáp)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.