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===Etymology 4===
===Etymology 4===
Used as [[ateji]] in various names. {{lang|ja|愛}} is a very common element in many, many names.
Used as [[ateji]] in various names. {{lang|ja|愛}} is a very common element in many, many names.

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<div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">Names</div>
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====Proper noun====
====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あづみ|ああい|あいか|あいす|あき|あこ|あみか|あおい|ありさ|あや|あゆ|ちぎり|ちか|ちかし|えりな|はあと|ひかり|いと|いとし|いつみ|いずみ|かな|かなえ|かなさ|きずな|こころ|このむ|まどか|まなぶ|まなみ|めづる|めご|めぐ|めぐみ|めぐむ|めい|なる|なるこ|のぞみ|らぶ|るい|さら|さらん|つぐみ|つくみ|うい|よし|よしき|よしみ|}}
{{ja-pos|proper|あづみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あづみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ああい}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ああい}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あいか}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あいか}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あいす}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あいす}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あき}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あき}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あこ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あこ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あみか}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あみか}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あおい}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あおい}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ありさ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ありさ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あや}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あや}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|あゆ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=あゆ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ちぎり}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ちぎり}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ちか}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ちか}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ちかし}}

# {{given name|male|or=female|lang=ja|sort=ちかし}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|えりな}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=えりな}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|はあと}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=はあと}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ひかり}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ひかり}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|いと}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=いと}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|いとし}}

# {{given name|male|or=female|lang=ja|sort=いとし}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|いつみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=いつみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|いずみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=いずみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|かな}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=かな}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|かなえ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=かなえ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|かなさ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=かなさ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|きずな}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=きずな}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|こころ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=こころ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|このむ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=このむ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|まどか}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=まどか}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|まなぶ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=まなぶ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|まなみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=まなみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|めづる}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=めづる}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|めご}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=めご}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|めぐ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=めぐ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|めぐみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=めぐみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|めぐむ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=めぐむ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|めい}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=めい}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|なる}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=なる}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|なるこ}}

# {{given name|male|or=female|lang=ja|sort=なるこ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|のぞみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=のぞみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|らぶ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=らぶ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|るい}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=るい}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|さら}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=さら}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|さらん}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=さらん}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|つぐみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=つぐみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|つくみ}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=つくみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|うい}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=うい}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|よし}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=よし}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|よしき}}

# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=よしき}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|よしみ}}

# {{given name|male|or=female|lang=ja|sort=よしみ}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|ゆき}}


# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ゆき}}
# {{given name|female|lang=ja|sort=ゆき}}

|}
</div></div>


===References===
===References===

Revision as of 05:51, 28 June 2015

See also: 爱

Translingual

Stroke order
13 strokes

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds) : phonetic 㤅 () + semantic 夊

Han character

Lua error in Module:zh-han at line 312: The value of "canj" parameter is invalid.

Derived terms

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10947
  • Dae Jaweon: page 732, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2323, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+611B

Chinese

trad. 愛
simp. 爱

Pronunciation

Note:
Rime
Character 愛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏代切
Baxter 'ojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔəjH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/ɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		oi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 愛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[q]ˁə[p]-s/
English to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 愛
Reading # 1/1
No. 1
Phonetic
component 		愛
Rime
group 		隊
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		愛
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯːds/
Notes 說文本從心旡聲

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 愛

  1. love; affection
    Template:zhex
  2. love; benevolence
    Template:zhex
  3. something one loves; someone whom one loves
    Template:zhex
  4. Honorific for someone else's daughter; variant of 嬡／嫒 (ài)
    Template:zhex

Verb

愛

  1. to love
    Template:zhex
    Template:zhex
  2. to be fond of
    Template:zhex
    Template:zhex
  3. to be prone; to be easy to
    Template:zhex
  4. to treasure; to value
  5. (Hakka, Cantonese) to want (an object)
    Template:zhex
  6. (Min, Hakka) to want to do; to need to; must
    Template:zhex

Adjective

愛

  1. affectionate
    Template:zhex
  2. beloved
    Template:zhex

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 愛

  1. a surname

Usage notes

  • When used for people, ài usually refers to romantic love. When used like this, older Mandarin speakers often describe the use of this term as overly 肉麻 (ròumá) (adj. something that gives you the creeps, disgusting). For this reason, the word 喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuan) (to like) might be used instead. Using the word 喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuan) literally means like, but when used in a romantic context (especially boyfriend/girlfriend), it actually means love. However, younger Mandarin speakers seem to have been influenced somewhat by Western culture, and are now using the verb 愛／爱 (ài) much more often than was socially acceptable in the past.

Compounds

Template:der5

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

愛

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Template:der-mid

  • 愛称 (あいしょう, ​aishō)
  • 愛人 (あいじん, ​aijin)
  • 愛想 (あいそう, ​aisou)
  • 愛憎 (あいぞう, ​aizō)
  • 愛着 (あいちゃく, ​aichaku): affection (to things)
  • 愛鳥 (あいちょう, ​aichō)
  • 愛読 (あいどく, ​aidoku): loving to read
  • 愛用 (あいよう, ​aiyō): loving to use
  • 寵愛 (ちょうあい, ​chōai)
  • 可愛い (かわいい, ​kawaii)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
愛
あい
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese (deprecated template usage) 愛 (ʔʌiH) (Lua error in Module:IPA at line 302: Invalid IPA: replace H with ʜ, “to love”). Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin simplfied (deprecated template usage) 爱 (ài) and traditional (deprecated template usage) 愛／爱 (ài).

Pronunciation

Noun

愛(あい) • (ai) 

  1. love
  2. affection
Synonyms
Derived terms
Idioms
  • 愛して見れば鼻欠けも靨 (あいしてみればはなかけもえくぼ, ​aishite mireba hanakake mo ekubo): “if you love someone, even a missing nose is only a dimple” ⇒ no matter how ugly, when you love someone, they're beautiful to you

Proper noun

愛(あい) • (Ai) 

  1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
愛
めで
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Noun stem of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese verb (deprecated template usage) 愛でる (mederu).[2][1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

愛(めで) • (mede) 

  1. (deprecated template usage) (archaic) love, appreciation, dearness
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 894:
      愛能盛尓 天下 奏多麻比志 家子等 撰多麻比天
      愛の盛りに 天の下 申し給ひし 家の子と 選ひ給ひて
      めでのさかりに あめのした まをしたまひし いへのこと えらひたまひて
      mede no sakari ni ame no shita mōshitamai shi ie no ko to erabitamaite
      with the utmost of love, [Amaterasu] spoke under the heavens, and chose with her children...
Idioms
Related terms
  • 愛でる (めでる, ​mederu): to love; to admire or appreciate
  • 愛でたい (めでたい, ​medetai):　favorable

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
愛
まな
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of Lua error in Module:affix/templates at line 130: The |lang= parameter is not used by this template. Place the language code in parameter 1 instead., an (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese version of modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Japanese (deprecated template usage) の (no, possessive particle).[2] The use of 愛 here is an example of ateji.

Pronunciation

Noun

愛(まな) • (mana) 

  1. (deprecated template usage) (archaic) (derived from prefix sense) something dear, something loved
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3462:
      麻奈登伊布兒我 安夜尓可奈思佐
      愛といふ児が あやに愛しさ
      まなといふこが あやにかなしさ
      mana to iu ko ga aya ni kanashisa
      the child called a dear, such indescribable tenderness

Prefix

愛(まな) • (mana-) 

  1. before a common noun, expresses a sense of admiration or value: (deprecated template usage) good, (deprecated template usage) genuine; compare English (deprecated template usage) the real deal
  2. before a noun describing a person, expresses praise or fondness: (deprecated template usage) dear, (deprecated template usage) beloved
Derived terms
  • 愛弟子 (まなでし, ​manadeshi)
  • 愛子 (まなご, ​manago)
  • 愛娘 (まなむすめ, ​manamusume)

Proper noun

愛(まな) • (Mana) 

  1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) a female given name

Etymology 4

Used as ateji in various names. 愛 is a very common element in many, many names.

Proper noun

愛(あづみ) or 愛(ああい) or 愛(あいか) or 愛(あいす) or 愛(あき) or 愛(あこ) or 愛(あみか) or 愛(あおい) or 愛(ありさ) or 愛(あや) or 愛(あゆ) or 愛(ちぎり) or 愛(ちか) or 愛(ちかし) or 愛(えりな) or 愛(はあと) or 愛(ひかり) or 愛(いと) or 愛(いとし) or 愛(いつみ) or 愛(いずみ) or 愛(かな) or 愛(かなえ) or 愛(かなさ) or 愛(きずな) or 愛(こころ) or 愛(このむ) or 愛(まどか) or 愛(まなぶ) or 愛(まなみ) or 愛(めづる) or 愛(めご) or 愛(めぐ) or 愛(めぐみ) or 愛(めぐむ) or 愛(めい) or 愛(なる) or 愛(なるこ) or 愛(のぞみ) or 愛(らぶ) or 愛(るい) or 愛(さら) or 愛(さらん) or 愛(つぐみ) or 愛(つくみ) or 愛(うい) or 愛(よし) or 愛(よしき) or 愛(よしみ) • (Azumi or Āi or Aika or Aisu or Aki or Ako or Amika or Aoi or Arisa or Aya or Ayu or Chigiri or Chika or Chikashi or Erina or Hāto or Hikari or Ito or Itoshi or Itsumi or Izumi or Kana or Kanae or Kanasa or Kizuna or Kokoro or Konomu or Madoka or Manabu or Manami or Mezuru or Mego or Megu or Megumi or Megumu or Mei or Naru or Naruko or Nozomi or Rabu or Rui or Sara or Saran or Tsugumi or Tsukumi or Ui or Yoshi or Yoshiki or Yoshimi) 

  1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) a female given name

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

愛 • (ae) (hangeul 애, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 愛 (ái, áy)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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