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====Readings====
====Readings====
{{ja-readings
{{ja-readings
|goon=ちゃく
|goon=じゃく<ぢやく
|kanon=てき
|kanon=てき
|kanyoon=ちゃく
|kun=ふえ-<ふえ-<ふ𛀁-
|kun=ふえ-<ふえ-<ふ𛀁-
}}
}}
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# {{defdate|from 720}} {{lb|ja|sort=ふえ|musical instrument}} a [[flute]], [[whistle]], [[pipe]]
# {{defdate|from 720}} {{lb|ja|sort=ふえ|musical instrument}} a [[flute]], [[whistle]], [[pipe]]
# {{defdate|from 934}} {{lb|ja|sort=ふえ|anatomy|rare}} a [[windpipe]]
# {{defdate|from 934}} {{lb|ja|sort=ふえ|anatomy|rare}} a [[windpipe]]
# {{defdate|from early 1200s}} {{lb|ja|sort=ふえ|musical instrument}} a side-blown [[flute]], as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the {{m|ja|篳篥|tr=hichiriki||{{w|hichiriki}}|pos=a double-reeded end-blown instrument}}
# {{defdate|from early 1200s}} {{lb|ja|sort=ふえ|musical instrument}} a [[side]]-[[blow]]n [[flute]], as opposed to [[end]]-blown instruments such as the {{m|ja|篳篥|tr=[[hichiriki]]}}
# a [[whistle]] such as that used by a [[referee]]
# a [[whistle]] such as that used by a [[referee]]
# {{defdate|from 1910}} a [[train]] [[whistle]]
# {{defdate|from 1910}} a [[train]] [[whistle]]
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===Etymology 3===
===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|ちゃく|yomi=goon}}
{{ja-kanjitab|ちゃく|yomi=kanyo}}


From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=ちゃく|-}} {{ltc-l|笛}}. The {{m|ja|呉音|tr=goon|lit=[[Wu]] [[sound]]}}, so likely the older borrowing.
From a corruption of {{der|ja|ltc|sort=ちゃく|-}} {{ltc-l|笛}}.


First cited to a text from 1241.<ref name="KDJ"/>
First cited to a text from 1241.<ref name="KDJ"/>

Revision as of 01:24, 17 September 2020

笛 U+7B1B, &#31515;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B1B
← 笚
[U+7B1A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 笜 →
[U+7B1C]

Translingual

Han character

笛 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹中田 (HLW), four-corner 88603, composition ⿰⺮由)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25917
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7B1B

Chinese

trad. 笛
simp. # 笛
alternative forms 篴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖 *ljɯwɢs
岫 *ljɯwɢs
牰 *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽 *l̥ʰɯw
妯 *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬 *l'ɯw
怞 *l'ɯw
鮋 *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗 *rlɯw
宙 *l'ɯwɢs
胄 *l'ɯwɢs
冑 *l'ɯwɢs
伷 *l'ɯwɢs
駎 *l'ɯwɢs
油 *lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由 *lɯw
蚰 *lɯw
秞 *lɯw
邮 *lɯw
釉 *lɯwɢs
柚 *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬 *lɯwɢs
苖 *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛 *l'ɯːwɢ
迪 *l'ɯːwɢ
頔 *l'ɯːwɢ
軸 *l'ɯwɢ
舳 *l'ɯwɢ

Etymology

Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • liah7 - vernacular;
  • tit7 - literary.
Note:
  • tha̍k - vernacular;
  • thi̍t - literary.
Note:
  • ta̍t, ti̍h - vernacular;
  • te̍k/tia̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 笛
Mandarin Beijing /ti³⁵/
Harbin /ti²⁴/
Tianjin /ti⁴⁵/
Jinan /ti⁴²/
Qingdao /ti⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ti⁴²/
Xi'an /ti²⁴/
Xining /t͡sz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ti¹³/
Lanzhou /ti⁵³/
Ürümqi /ti⁵¹/
Wuhan /ti²¹³/
Chengdu /ti³¹/
Guiyang /ti²¹/
Kunming /ti³¹/
Nanjing /tiʔ⁵/
Hefei /tiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /tiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /tiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /diɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /diəʔ³/
Hangzhou /diəʔ²/
Wenzhou /di²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰi²²/
Tunxi /tʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti²⁴/
Xiangtan /ti²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liɑʔ²/
/tʰiʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɛk̚²/
Nanning /tek̚²²/
Hong Kong /tɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚⁵/
/tiʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdak̚³/
Rime
Character 笛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 錫 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 徒歷切
Baxter dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dek̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dek̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɛjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/dek̚/
Wang
Li 		/diek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱiek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 笛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁiwk/
English flute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 笛
Reading # 1/1
No. 15537
Phonetic
component 		由
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		荻
Old
Chinese 		/*l'ɯːwɢ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 笛

  1. flute
  2. whistle

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

笛

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
笛
ふえ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
笛 (fue, chaku, teki): a painting from the 1100s showing a noble playing a flute.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/

From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).

Pronunciation

Noun

笛(ふえ) • (fue) 

  1. [from 720] (music) a flute, whistle, pipe
  2. [from 934] (anatomy, rare) a windpipe
  3. [from early 1200s] (music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)
  4. a whistle such as that used by a referee
  5. [from 1910] a train whistle
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
笛
てき
Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.

First cited to a text from the 1400s.[1] This reading appears to have fallen out of use.

Pronunciation

Affix

笛(てき) • (teki) 

  1. flute, whistle
Derived terms
Derived terms

Noun

笛(てき) • (teki) 

  1. [1400s–???] (music, archaic, possibly obsolete) a flute, particularly the Chinese side-blown flute

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
笛
ちゃく
Grade: 3
kan'yōon

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek).

First cited to a text from 1241.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

笛(ちゃく) • (chaku) 

  1. [from 1241] (archaic, music) a flute, whistle

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

笛 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 笛 (địch, sáo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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