cerno

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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cerno

  1. first-person singular present indicative of cerndre

Galician

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Etymology

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Perhaps from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“kernel”). Compare Icelandic, Faroese, Old Norse kjarni (“kernel, core”).

Noun

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cerno m (plural cernos)

  1. Alternative form of cerna (“kernel, core; sap; heartwood, duramen; pith”)
    • 1459, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 441:
      Fernán Gonçalues de Lamella se obrigou de dar en nome do conçello de çidade d'Ourense çento táboas et quarenta madeyros en esta maneyra que se sige: las táboas que aja cada hua des pees do dito Fernán Garçía et de la anchura, segundo está aquí asinallada de maao a maao, et an de auer de gordo dous dedos et que sejan dereytas e chaas e boas e merchinas sen furados, et os quarenta madeyros an de seer en esta maneyra que se sige: de ancho como está asinallado de maao en maao et de alto a terçeera maao, et an de auer de longo dose pees ou mays, et destes madeyros ha de auer quatro que an de auer des et oyto pees en longo ou mays, se mays poderen auer, et estes madeyros an de seer de çerno de carballo et as táboas de castaño
      Fernán Gonzalvez de Lamela committed himself to give, in the name of the city council of Ourense, a hundred boards and forty planks, in this way: each one of the boards must be ten feet, of this Fernán García, in long; and in width as it is here consigned from hand to hand; and they should be two inches in thickness; and they should be straight and level and good without holes. And the forty planks must be made in this way: in width as it is consigned, from hand to hand, in high to the third hand; and they must have twelve feet or more in long; and of these planks four must be eighteen feet or more in long, as long as they can be made; and these planks must be made in oak heartwood, and the boards in chestnut.

Adjective

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cerno (feminine cerna, masculine plural cernos, feminine plural cernas)

  1. steady, firm, upright
  2. hard
  3. inner

References

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Italian

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Verb

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cerno

  1. first-person singular present indicative of cernere

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to sieve”).[1]

Cognate with Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō), English ridder, riddle (“sieve”), and possibly English rinse.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation

  1. to distinguish, divide, separate, sift
    Synonyms: aufero, eripio, diripio, excludo, distraho, tollo
  2. to perceive, see, discern, behold
    Synonyms: percipiō, sentiō, audiō, videō, cōnspicor
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.401:
      Migrantis cernās, tōtāque ex urbe ruentis.
      You could see [the Trojans] moving about, and rushing out from the whole city [of Carthage].
      (Poetic use of the present active subjunctive to engage the imagination.)
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.671–672:
      nunc quoque, sē suprā nē quid nisi sīdera cernat,
      exiguum templī tēcta forāmen habent.
      Even now, so that he may see nothing except the stars above him,
      the roof of the temple has a tiny opening.
      (Ancient Romans believed that Terminus (god), protector of boundary stones, had refused to yield the ground of his own shrine – located inconveniently on the site where the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was to be built. And that is why Jupiter's great temple honored the immovable will of Terminus by way of a sacred stone or altar with a clear sightline to the stars.)
  3. to (intellectually) comprehend, discern, regard, understand
    Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, sciō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, inveniō, tongeō, audiō
    Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō
  4. to decide
    Synonyms: statuō, dēcernō, parō, cōnstituō, placeō

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of cernō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cernō cernis cernit cernimus cernitis cernunt
imperfect cernēbam cernēbās cernēbat cernēbāmus cernēbātis cernēbant
future cernam cernēs cernet cernēmus cernētis cernent
perfect crēvī crēvistī,
crēstī1 		crēvit,
crēt1 		crēvimus,
crēmus1 		crēvistis,
crēstis1 		crēvērunt,
crēvēre,
crērunt1
pluperfect crēveram,
crēram1 		crēverās,
crērās1 		crēverat,
crērat1 		crēverāmus,
crērāmus1 		crēverātis,
crērātis1 		crēverant,
crērant1
future perfect crēverō,
crērō1 		crēveris,
crēris1 		crēverit,
crērit1 		crēverimus,
crērimus1 		crēveritis,
crēritis1 		crēverint,
crērint1
passive present cernor cerneris,
cernere 		cernitur cernimur cerniminī cernuntur
imperfect cernēbar cernēbāris,
cernēbāre 		cernēbātur cernēbāmur cernēbāminī cernēbantur
future cernar cernēris,
cernēre 		cernētur cernēmur cernēminī cernentur
perfect crētus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect crētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect crētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cernam cernās cernat cernāmus cernātis cernant
imperfect cernerem cernerēs cerneret cernerēmus cernerētis cernerent
perfect crēverim,
crērim1 		crēverīs,
crērīs1 		crēverit,
crērit1 		crēverīmus,
crērīmus1 		crēverītis,
crērītis1 		crēverint,
crērint1
pluperfect crēvissem,
crēssem1 		crēvissēs,
crēssēs1 		crēvisset,
crēsset1 		crēvissēmus,
crēssēmus1 		crēvissētis,
crēssētis1 		crēvissent,
crēssent1
passive present cernar cernāris,
cernāre 		cernātur cernāmur cernāminī cernantur
imperfect cernerer cernerēris,
cernerēre 		cernerētur cernerēmur cernerēminī cernerentur
perfect crētus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect crētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cerne — — cernite —
future — cernitō cernitō — cernitōte cernuntō
passive present — cernere — — cerniminī —
future — cernitor cernitor — — cernuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cernere crēvisse,
crēsse1 		crētūrum esse cernī crētum esse crētum īrī
participles cernēns — crētūrus — crētus cernendus,
cernundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
cernendī cernendō cernendum cernendō crētum crētū

1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cernō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

Further reading

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  • “cerno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “cerno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • cerno in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
  • cerno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to see clearly, distinctly: cernere et videre aliquid
    • the world of sense, the visible world: res quas oculis cernimus
    • it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re)
    • to take possession of an inheritance: hereditatem adire, cernere
  • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cĕrnĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 606
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