dringen
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch dringen, from Old Dutch *thringan, from Proto-West Germanic *þringwan, from Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]dringen
- (intransitive) to press, push (into a tight space, a crowd etc)
- (intransitive) to insist
- (intransitive) to force entry
- (intransitive) to be short in supply (of time, etc)
- de tijd dringt
- time is short
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of dringen (strong class 3a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dringen | |||
past singular | drong | |||
past participle | gedrongen | |||
infinitive | dringen | |||
gerund | dringen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | dring | drong | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | dringt, dring2 | drong | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | dringt | drong | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | dringt | drongt | ||
3rd person singular | dringt | drong | ||
plural | dringen | drongen | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | dringe | dronge | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | dringen | drongen | ||
imperative sing. | dring | |||
imperative plur.1 | dringt | |||
participles | dringend | gedrongen | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German dringen, from Old High German dringan. Akin to drängen and Drang. Cognate with dialectal English thring and, more distantly, with English throng.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]dringen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present dringt, past tense drang, past participle gedrungen, past subjunctive dränge, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (intransitive) to insist; to press [auxiliary haben]
- auf etwas dringen ― to press for something / to insist on something
- (intransitive) to ooze; to seep [auxiliary sein]
- in etwas dringen ― to seep into something
- (intransitive) to penetrate, to force one’s way [auxiliary sein]
- durch etwas dringen ― to penetrate something (literally, “to force one’s way into something”)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | dringen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | dringend | ||||
past participle | gedrungen | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich dringe | wir dringen | i | ich dringe | wir dringen |
du dringst | ihr dringt | du dringest | ihr dringet | ||
er dringt | sie dringen | er dringe | sie dringen | ||
preterite | ich drang | wir drangen | ii | ich dränge1 | wir drängen1 |
du drangst | ihr drangt | du drängest1 du drängst1 |
ihr dränget1 ihr drängt1 | ||
er drang | sie drangen | er dränge1 | sie drängen1 | ||
imperative | dring (du) dringe (du) |
dringt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “dringen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “dringen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “dringen” in Duden online
- “dringen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Low German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German dringen, from Old Saxon thringan. Cognate with English thring.
Verb
[edit]dringen (third-person singular simple present dringt, past tense drung, past participle drungen, auxiliary verb wesen or hebben)
- (intransitive, auxiliary hebben) to insist; to press
- op wat dringen ― to press for something, insist on something
- (intransitive, auxiliary: wesen) to ooze; to seep
- in wat dringen ― to seep into something
- (intransitive, auxiliary: wesen) to force one’s way
- dörch wat dringen ― to penetrate something (literally, “to force one’s way into something”)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | dringen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | dring | drung |
2nd person singular | drings(t) | drungs(t) |
3rd person singular | dring(t) | drung |
plural | dringt, dringen | drungen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | dring | |
plural | dringt | |
participle | present | past |
dringen | (e)drungen, gedrungen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]dringen
Inflection
[edit]Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | dringen | |
3rd sg. past | dranc | |
3rd pl. past | drongen | |
Past participle | gedrongen | |
Infinitive | dringen | |
In genitive | dringens | |
In dative | dringene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | dringe | dranc |
2nd singular | drincs, dringes | droncs, dronges |
3rd singular | drinct, dringet | dranc |
1st plural | dringen | drongen |
2nd plural | drinct, dringet | dronct, dronget |
3rd plural | dringen | drongen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | dringe | dronge |
2nd singular | drincs, dringes | dronges |
3rd singular | dringe | dronge |
1st plural | dringen | drongen |
2nd plural | drinct, dringet | dronget |
3rd plural | dringen | drongen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | drinc, dringe | |
Plural | drinct, dringet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | dringende | gedrongen |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “dringhen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dringen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪŋən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪŋən/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch class 3a strong verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩
- Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 3 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German verbs using sein as auxiliary
- German verbs using haben and sein as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Low German lemmas
- Low German verbs
- Low German intransitive verbs
- Low German terms with usage examples
- Low German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs