啄

啄 U+5544, 啄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5544 ← 啃 [U+5543] CJK Unified Ideographs 啅 → [U+5545]

Translingual

Han character

啄 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8 in Chinese, 口+7 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口一尸人 (RMSO), four-corner 6103₂, composition ⿰口豖)

Derived characters

• 𪳓

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3801
• Dae Jaweon: page 415, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 639, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5544

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (豖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冢	*toŋʔ
塚	*toŋʔ
涿	*rtoːɡ
琢	*rtoːɡ
啄	*rtoːɡ, *toːɡ
諑	*rtoːɡ
剢	*toːɡ
瘃	*toɡ
豖	*tʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ)

Etymology 1

trad.		啄
simp. #		啄

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zua²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): doek³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tuk
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tok / teh / terh
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷tsoq; ⁸zoq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
    • Wade–Giles: cho²
    • Yale: jwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
    • Palladius: чжо (čžo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zua²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zua
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sua²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: doek³
    • Yale: deuk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: doek⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: dêg³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tœːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: dug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tuk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok
    • Tâi-lô: tok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teh
    • Tâi-lô: teh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: deq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /teʔ³²/
    • IPA (Yilan): /teʔ²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: terh
    • Tâi-lô: terh
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /təʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /təʔ³²/

Note:

• tok - literary (“to peck; with a sharp nose”);
• teh/terh - vernacular (may not be etymologically related).

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷tsoq; ⁸zoq
    • MiniDict: tsoh^入; zoh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsoq; ⁵zoq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soʔ⁵⁵/, /zoʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: tuwk, traewk

Rime
Character	啄	啄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	丁木切	竹角切
Baxter	tuwk	traewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuk̚/	/ʈˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tuk̚/	/ʈᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tuk̚/	/ȶɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwk̚/	/ʈaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/tuk̚/	/ȶɔk̚/
Wang Li	/tuk̚/	/ȶɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuk̚/	/ȶɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	du	zhuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk1	zok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tˤ<r>ok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rtoːɡ/, /*toːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ træwk ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-tˁ<r>ok/
English	to peck
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啄	啄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1620	1622
Phonetic component	豖	豖
Rime group	屋	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	斲	𣫔
Old Chinese	/*rtoːɡ/	/*toːɡ/

Definitions

啄

1. to peck (to strike with the beak or bill)
2. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) with a sharp nose; having a nose shaped like a beak (used especially in compounds)

Compounds

• 一飲一啄／一饮一啄
• 剝剝啄啄／剥剥啄啄
• 剝啄／剥啄 (bōzhuó)
• 啄啄
• 啄木鳥／啄木鸟 (zhuómùniǎo)
• 啄針兒／啄针儿
• 啄食
• 啄鼻
• 啄鼻仔
• 彫啄／雕啄
• 燕啄皇孫／燕啄皇孙
• 阿啄仔 (a-tok-á)

 

Etymology 2

trad.		啄
simp. #		啄
alternative forms		𡁷

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): doeng¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: doeng¹
    • Yale: dēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: doeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tœːŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

啄 (Cantonese)

1. beak; bill
2. bulge; protrusion; point; tip

   美人啄 [Cantonese]  ―  mei⁵ jan⁴ doeng¹ [Jyutping]  ―  widow's peak

   尖啄 [Cantonese]  ―  zim¹ doeng¹ [Jyutping]  ―  acme

3. to peck

   雞啄唔斷／鸡啄唔断 [Cantonese]  ―  gai¹ doeng¹ m⁴ tyun⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  to talk endlessly

4. to bite or hold with the mouth
5. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • (Can we date this quote?), 東張西望‎^[2]:

     網購「刷單」騙局無底洞！輕鬆啄你幾十萬

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

6. to pick on; to target someone personally

Compounds

• 尖啄 (zim¹ doeng¹)
• 美人啄 (mei⁵ jan⁴ doeng¹)
• 翻啄 (faan¹ doeng¹)
• 雞啄唔斷／鸡啄唔断 (gai¹ doeng¹ m⁴ tyun⁵)

 

Etymology 3

trad.		啄
simp. #		啄
alternative forms		酷

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tok / top

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok
    • Tâi-lô: tok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dog
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /tɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: top
    • Tâi-lô: top
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dob
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔp̚³²/

Verb

啄

1. (Hokkien, business, gambling) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers)

Synonyms

• 酷 (khok)

Compounds

• 啄价
• 啄繳／啄缴
• 啄貴／啄贵

 

References

• “啄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 周长楫 [Zhou, Changji], editor (2006), “啄”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Publishing House], →ISBN, pages 629-630.
• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “酷”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[4] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 475
• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “酷”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[5] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 491
• 東方孝義 (TŌHŌ Takayoshi) (1931) “酷”, in 臺日新辭書 [New Taiwanese–Japanese dictionary] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: 臺灣警察協會, page 673
• 東方孝義 (TŌHŌ Takayoshi) (1931) “酷”, in 臺日新辭書 [New Taiwanese–Japanese dictionary] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: 臺灣警察協會, page 265
• William Campbell (1913) “tok (酷 Khok)”, in A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 720.
• Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “tok”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 526; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 526
• Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “khok”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 283; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 283

Japanese

Shinjitai	啄
Kyūjitai	啄󠄁 啄+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	啄󠄅 啄+󠄅? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

啄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. to peck at

Readings

• Go-on: たく (taku); つく (tsuku)
• Kan-on: たく (taku); とく (toku)
• Kun: ついばむ (tsuibamu, 啄む); つつく (tsutsuku, 啄く)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
啄
たく Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 啄 (MC tuwk|traewk).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) た​く [táꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

啄(たく) • (taku) 

1. the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms

• 永字八法(えいじはっぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Coordinate terms

• 側(そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Korean

Hanja

啄 (eum 탁 (tak))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啄: Hán Nôm readings: trác, trốc, chác

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.