楓
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]楓 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木竹弓戈 (DHNI), four-corner 47910, composition ⿰木風)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 539, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15126
- Dae Jaweon: page 926, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1253, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6953
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 楓 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 枫 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *plum) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fung1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fong
- Wade–Giles: fêng1
- Yale: fēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feng
- Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fung1
- Yale: fūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fung1
- Guangdong Romanization: fung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phûng
- Hakka Romanization System: pungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pung1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: png
- Tâi-lô: png
- Phofsit Daibuun: pngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pŋ̍³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: puiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: puinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvuy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /puĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- png/puiⁿ - vernacular;
- hong1 - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bung1 / beng1 / bang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pung / pṳng / pang
- Sinological IPA (key): /puŋ³³/, /pɯŋ³³/, /paŋ³³/
- bung1 - Chaozhou;
- beng1 - Jieyang;
- bang1 - Chaozhou, Jieyang.
- Middle Chinese: pjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*plum/
Definitions
[edit]楓
Synonyms
[edit]- 槭 (qī)
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Kun'yomi:
- 楓科 (kaedeka): the maple family, Aceraceae
- 楓棚 (kaededana): a type of shelf in a tokonoma or study, with four legs and eight shelves
- 楓鳥 (kaedechō), カエデチョウ (kaedechō): the black-rumped waxbill, a type of estrildid finch common in Africa and introduced to Japan in the 1960s
- 楓鳥科 (kaedechōka), かえでちょうか: genus Estrilda
- 楓紅葉 (kaede momiji): maple leaves that have turned red in autumn; a style of layered clothing with light yellow-green on the outside and yellow or orange-red on the inside
On'yomi:
- 楓蚕 (fūsan): alternative for 天蚕蛾 (tegusuga, “Japanese silkworm moth, Antheraea yamamai”)
- 風樹 (fūju): the Formosan gum tree; the maple
- 楓糖 (fūtō): maple syrup
- 楓葉 (fūyō): maple leaves that have turned red in autumn
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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楓 |
かえで Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
槭 槭樹 |
/kaperu te/ → /kaperude/ → /kaferude/ → /kafede/ → /kaede/
From Old Japanese かへるて, as this word first appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2][3]
Originally a compound of 蛙 (kaeru, “frog”) + 手 (te, “hand”), with the te changing to de due to rendaku (連濁), and the ru dropping out over time. From the way the palmate leaves resemble a frog's foot.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the maple tree
- a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, “layered kimono”, literally “layering”), where both the outer and inner layers are light green
- a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring a maple-leaf design
- (term of endearment) a child's hand (from the resemblance in shape between a hand with splayed fingers and a maple leaf)
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カエデ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 楓の木 (kaede no ki), 楓の樹 (kaede no ki): a maple tree
- 楓の間 (Kaede no Ma): the Maple Room, one of the shogun sitting rooms in Edo Castle
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
楓 |
かいで Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
/kaede/ → /kaide/
Shift in pronunciation of kaede.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
楓 |
かつら Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cercidiphyllum_japonicum2.jpg/250px-Cercidiphyllum_japonicum2.jpg)
From Old Japanese. Less common spelling for 桂 (katsura).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- 桂: the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum
- 桂: (Chinese mythology) the kind of tree that grows on the moon
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カツラ.
The katsura reading is rare for this kanji. When referring to the katsura tree, the 桂 spelling is used more often to avoid confusion.
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
楓 |
おかつら Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Alternative spelling for 男桂 (okatsura, “male katsura”), an archaic name for the katsura tree.[1] Compare 女桂 (mekatsura, “female katsura: the cinnamon tree”). Appears with this reading in the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō), a Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters completed in 938.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]楓 • (okatsura) ←をかつら (wokatura)? (alternative reading hiragana おかづら, rōmaji okazura)
- (obsolete) the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
楓 |
ふう Jinmeiyō |
goon |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Liquidambar_formosana_02.jpg/250px-Liquidambar_formosana_02.jpg)
From Middle Chinese 楓 (MC pjuwng).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the Formosan sweetgum tree, Liquidambar formosana
- in certain kanji compounds, the maple tree
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as フウ.
Idioms
[edit]- 楓呉江に落つ (fū Gokō ni otsu): “the fū leaves falling in Wujiang” → being disappointed in the reality of something after having lofty ideas about it; from a story in the New Book of Tang about an inspiring poem from an otherwise uninspiring poet
- 楓葉衰えて盧橘花開く (fūyō otoroete rokitsu hana hiraku): “the red sweetgum/maple leaves fade, and the kumquat flowers open” → a metaphor for the turning of the seasons
References
[edit]
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 楓 (MC pjuwng).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 보ᇰ (Yale: pwòng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 싣나모 푸ᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean 푸ᇰ (phwung) (Yale: phwùng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 싯나모 풍 | Recorded as Middle Korean 풍 (phwung) (Yale: phwung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰuŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [풍]
Hanja
[edit]楓 (eumhun 단풍나무 풍 (danpungnamu pung))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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