江湖

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Chinese

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river lake
trad. (江湖)
simp. #(江湖)
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Pronunciation

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Note: Toneless - usually the sense of “man of experience”.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (28) (33)
Final () (9) (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II I
Fanqie
Baxter kaewng hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠʌŋ/ /ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚɔŋ/ /ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɔŋ/ /ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaɨwŋ/ /ɦɔ/
Li
Rong
/kɔŋ/ /ɣo/
Wang
Li
/kɔŋ/ /ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɔŋ/ /ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gong1 wu4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kæwng › ‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁroŋ/ /*[ɡ]ˁa/
English (Yangzi) river lake

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3995 4247
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kroːŋ/ /*ɡaː/

Noun

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江湖

  1. (literally) rivers and lakes
  2. (figuratively) all corners of the country; (around) the whole country
  3. (figuratively) society, community
  4. (figuratively) wandering life; private and plebian domain beyond the control of the government; underworld
  5. (figuratively) place of residence of a hermit; reclusive place
  6. (figuratively) vagrant; itinerant (entertainer, quack doctor, swindler etc.)
  7. (figuratively) old experienced person; man of experience

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (江湖):
  • Japanese: 江湖(こうこ) (kōko)
  • Korean: 강호(江湖) (gangho)
  • Vietnamese: giang hồ (江湖)

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
こう
Grade: S

Grade: 3
on'yomi kan'on

Noun

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(こう)() (kōkoかうこ (kauko)?

  1. the rivers and lakes
  2. the secular world, the world outside the court
    Synonyms: 世の中 (yononaka), 天下 (tenka)
  3. (Buddhism) a retreat

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ごう
Grade: S

Grade: 3
kan'yōon kan'on

Noun

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(ごう)() (gōkoがうこ (gauko)?

  1. the rivers and lakes
  2. (Buddhism) Short for 江湖僧 (gōkosō).
  3. (Buddhism) Short for 江湖会 (gōkoe).