丐

See also: 丏

丐 U+4E10, 丐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E10 ← 丏 [U+4E0F] CJK Unified Ideographs 丑 → [U+4E11]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丐 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一卜女尸 (MYVS), four-corner 1020₇, composition ⿱一⿺㇉⺊)

Derived characters

• 鈣, 钙, 麫

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠰁, 𡛔, 𢗙, 𢪪, 𫡔, 𱳩, 𥝽, 𧉝, 𧦉, 𮙴, 𧺪, 𲌱, 𱐒, 𰻢, 𡧎, 𪤺, 𩬆, 𣅰, 𬉻, 𠣣, 𡆸, 𫆄

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22
• Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 10, character 6
• Unihan data for U+4E10

Chinese

simp. and trad.		丐
alternative forms		𬺶 匂 匄 匃 𠣏 𬺶 匂 匄 匃 𠣏 𠣣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丐
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script
Small seal script s09438
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丐	*kaːds, *kaːd
匄	*kaːds

Corruption of 匄. Its original meaning is unknown; perhaps it was "to damage".

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gài (gai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): koi³ / goi³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): koi

  (Hailu, HRS): goi^ˇ

• Eastern Min (BUC): gái
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gai⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kài / kat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gai³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ke

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gài
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gài
    • Wade–Giles: kai⁴
    • Yale: gài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gay
    • Palladius: гай (gaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: koi³ / goi³
    • Yale: koi / goi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koi³ / goi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: koi³ / goi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːi̯³³/, /kɔːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koi
    • Hakka Romanization System: goi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: goi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /koi̯⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: goi^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /koi¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑi²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gai⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̍i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài
    • Tâi-lô: kài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaix
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kai²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kat
    • Tâi-lô: kat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kad
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ke
    • MiniDict: ke^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ke
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kajH

Rime
Character	丐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古太切
Baxter	kajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kajH/
Li Rong	/kɑiH/
Wang Li	/kɑiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goi3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːds/, /*kaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丐	丐
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3562	3564
Phonetic component	丐	丐
Rime group	祭	月
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	蓋	葛
Old Chinese	/*kaːds/	/*kaːd/
Notes	同匃，俗訛變	原作匃，此依說文

Definitions

丐

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to beg for alms
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to give
3. beggar
4. a surname

Compounds

• 丐幫 / 丐帮 (gàibāng)
• 丐食
• 乞丐 (qǐgài)
• 乞丐趕廟公 / 乞丐赶庙公
• 沾丐

Japanese

Kanji

丐

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. beggar
2. beg
3. give

Readings

• Go-on: かい (kai)、かち (kachi)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)、かつ (katsu)
• Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
• Kun: こう (kou, 丐う)^{←こふ (kofu, 丐ふ, historical)}、あたえる (ataeru, 丐える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, 丐へる, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

丐 (eumhun 빌 개 (bil gae))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丐

Vietnamese

Han character

丐: Hán Việt readings: cái
丐: Nôm readings: cái, gái, cưới, gáy

Etymology 1

Classifier

丐 • (cái)

1. chữ Nôm form of cái
   1. Indicates an inanimate, tangible thing
   2. (obsolete) Indicates animals
      • Lý hạng ca dao 里巷歌謠 (Folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys), folio 36a

        丐𪂲丐𪅥丐𪆯
        𫳵𡮠踸𪽣穭翁唉𪂲

        Cái cò cái vạc cái nông;
        Sao mày giẫm ruộng lúa ông hỡi cò?

        The stork, the heron, the pelican;
        Why troddest thou on my paddy rice, oh stork?

   3. (colloquial) Precedes another classifier (any one but “cái” itself), effectively acting as a focus marker, sometimes conveying a connotation of deprecation, especially if persons are referred to.

Etymology 2

Noun

丐 • (cái)

1. chữ Nôm form of cái
   1. synonym of gái
   2. (obsolete) mother

Etymology 3

Verb

丐 • (cưới)

1. chữ Nôm form of cưới (“to marry; to wed; to get married”)

Etymology 4

Adjective

丐 • (gái)

1. chữ Nôm form of gái (“(only in fixed expressions, of people) female”)

Etymology 5

Verb

丐 • (gáy)

1. chữ Nôm form of gáy (“(of a rooster) to crow; (of a bird) to pipe”)