恰

Translingual

Han character

恰 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心人一口 (POMR), four-corner 9806₁, composition ⿰忄合)

Derived characters

• 𪣺

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 386, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10603
• Dae Jaweon: page 718, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2297, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6070

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		恰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恰
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
龕	*kʰuːm
媕	*quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜	*ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
答	*tkuːb
畣	*tkuːb
荅	*tkuːb
嗒	*tuːb, *tʰoːb
褡	*tuːb, *toːb
撘	*tuːb
搭	*tuːb, *tʰoːb
榙	*tkuːb, *ɡuːb
佮	*tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
蛤	*kuːb
鴿	*kuːb
合	*kuːb, *ɡuːb
郃	*kuːb, *ɡuːb
匌	*kuːb, *kʰuːb
鉿	*kuːb
閤	*kuːb
鞈	*kuːb, *kruːb
韐	*kuːb, *kruːb
鮯	*kuːb
哈	*ŋɡuːb
姶	*quːb, *quːb
欱	*qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
盒	*ɡuːb
耠	*ɡuːb
詥	*ɡuːb
塔	*tʰuːb
鞳	*tʰoːb
劄	*rtuːb
跲	*kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
袷	*kruːb, *ŋkob
餄	*kruːb
恰	*kʰruːb
帢	*kʰruːb
洽	*ɡruːb
祫	*ɡruːb
珨	*ɡruːb
烚	*ɡruːb
歙	*qʰjob, *qʰrub
湁	*tkʰub
拾	*ɡjub
給	*krub
翕	*qʰrub
噏	*qʰrub
潝	*qʰrub
熻	*qʰrub
嬆	*qʰrub
翖	*qʰrub
闟	*qʰrub

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qià (qia⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hap¹ / aam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khap
• Northern Min (KCR): kiă
• Eastern Min (BUC): kák
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kab⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qià
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cià
    • Wade–Giles: chʻia⁴
    • Yale: chyà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiah
    • Palladius: ця (cja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hap¹ / aam¹
    • Yale: hāp / āam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hap⁷ / aam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: heb¹ / am¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐp̚⁵/, /aːm⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khap
    • Hakka Romanization System: kab`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kab⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰap̚²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiă
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰia²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khap
    • Tâi-lô: khap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qab
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰap̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰap̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰap̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kab⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khap
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰap̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恰
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰia⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰia⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰiɑ⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰia²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰia⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰia⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰia⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰia⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰia¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰia²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰia²¹³/ ～當 /kʰa²¹³/ ～～
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰia³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰia²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰia̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ /kʰʌʔ¹³/ ～好
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰaʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰaʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰɔ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰia²⁴/ /kʰa²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/kʰɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰap̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kʰɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐp̚⁵/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hɐp̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰap̚³²/ /kʰaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰia²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰap̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sap̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kheap

Rime
Character	恰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	洽 (152)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦洽切
Baxter	kheap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨp̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɐp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haap3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰruːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恰
Reading #	1/1
No.	4989
Phonetic component	合
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	恰
Old Chinese	/*kʰruːb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恰

1. exactly; just
2. appropriate; suitable
3. (Eastern Min) too; so

   噇飽恰閒。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
   噇饱恰闲。 [Eastern Min, simp.]

   Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]

   Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01336
• “恰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

恰

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かふ (kafu, historical)}
• On: かつ (katsu)
• Kun: あたかも (atakamo, 恰も)

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Korean

Hanja

恰 (eum 흡 (heup))

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Vietnamese

Han character

恰: Hán Nôm readings: kháp

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