曾

See also: 曽 and 會

Translingual

Traditional	曾
Simplified	曾
Japanese	曽
Korean	曾

Alternative forms

When used in Korea or as a Japanese kyūjitai character, the upper component is 八 instead of 丷, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

曾 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金田日 (CWA), four-corner 8060₆, composition ⿱丷𭥴(GHT) or ⿱八𭥴(JKV))

Derived characters

• 僧 增 噌 嶒 潧 憎 繒 (缯) 璔 橧 贈 (赠) 熷 磳 矰 竲 蹭 譄 鏳 驓 鱛 鄫 甑 朆 罾 鬙 層

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 503, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14299
• Dae Jaweon: page 877, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1521, character 3
• Unihan data for U+66FE

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		曾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曾
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
潧	*ʔsrɯn
繒	*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
增	*ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs
憎	*ʔsɯːŋ
磳	*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
曾	*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ
矰	*ʔsɯːŋ
罾	*ʔsɯːŋ
熷	*ʔsɯːŋ
竲	*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
橧	*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
譄	*ʔsɯːŋ
蹭	*sʰɯːŋs
層	*zɯːŋ
贈	*zɯːŋs
僧	*sɯːŋ
鬙	*sɯːŋ
甑	*ʔsɯŋs
鄫	*zɯŋ
驓	*zɯŋ
嶒	*zɯŋ
噌	*sʰɯːŋ
鏳	*zrɯːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a cooker for steaming food. The derivative 甑 (OC *ʔsɯŋs) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): céng (ceng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cang⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): cèng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chêng / chn̂g / cheng / chan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: céng
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: céng
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻêng²
    • Yale: tséng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tserng
    • Palladius: цэн (cɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cang⁴
    • Yale: chàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng
    • Tâi-lô: tsîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeeng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
    • Tâi-lô: tsing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan
    • Tâi-lô: tsan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zafn
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzong

Rime
Character	曾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	昨楞切
Baxter	dzong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡zəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡zəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	céng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	céng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzong ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁəŋ/
English	(adverb indicating past time)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曾
Reading #	2/2
No.	16625
Phonetic component	曾
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zɯːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 曾

1. already; ever; once (in the past); previously

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zēng (zeng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chan / cheng / chng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹ / zang¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹tsen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zeng
    • Wade–Giles: tsêng¹
    • Yale: dzēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
    • Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zang¹
    • Yale: jāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan
    • Tâi-lô: tsan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zafn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡san³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
    • Tâi-lô: tsing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
    • Tâi-lô: tsng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/

Note:

• cheng/chng - literary;
• chan - vernacular (including surname).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zêng¹ / zang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / tsang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/, /t͡saŋ³³/

Note: zang1 - surname.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹tsen
    • MiniDict: tsen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsong

Rime
Character	曾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作滕切
Baxter	tsong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡səŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡səŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡səŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zang1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsong ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁəŋ/
English	remote (ancestor)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曾
Reading #	1/2
No.	16616
Phonetic component	曾
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːŋ/
Notes	朱芳圃云爲甑初文， 非形聲字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 曾

1. (prefix) great-

   曾孫／曾孙  ―  zēngsūn  ―  great-grandson

2. (literary) unexpectedly
3. (literary) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 增 (zēng, “to increase”).
4. a surname

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	曽
Kyūjitai	曾

Kanji

曾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 曽)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)
• Kan-on: そう (sō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぞ (zo); そ (so)
• Kun: かつて (katsute, 曾て); すなわち (sunawachi, 曾ち)

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Korean

Hanja

曾 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 曾 (tằng, tăng, tâng, tơn, tưng, từng)

1. used as prefix to indicate a greater level (especially in 曽祖: tằng tổ : great-grandfather, other meaning now seems archaic)
2. One pronunciation is từng, could be the root of từng : (have ever done <something>) (see từng)

References

• Nom Foundation