栽

Translingual

Han character

栽 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十戈木 (JID), four-corner 4395₀, composition ⿹𢦏木)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14750
• Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1193, character 6
• Unihan data for U+683D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		栽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (𢦏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
𢦏	*ʔslɯː
栽	*ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs
哉	*ʔslɯː
烖	*ʔslɯː
載	*ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs
渽	*ʔsɯː
睵	*ʔsɯː, *sʰɯː
溨	*zɯː
裁	*zlɯː, *zlɯːs
酨	*l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs
蛓	*sʰles, *sʰɯs
胾	*ʔsrɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zāi (zai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chai

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zai
    • Wade–Giles: tsai¹
    • Yale: dzāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoi¹
    • Yale: jōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai
    • Tâi-lô: tsai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zay
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsoj, dzojH

Rime
Character	栽	栽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	祖才切	昨代切
Baxter	tsoj	dzojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌi/	/d͡zʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səi/	/d͡zəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒi/	/d͡zɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səj/	/d͡zəjH/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀi/	/d͡zᴀiH/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒi/	/d͡zɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆i/	/d͡zʱɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zāi	zài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi1	zoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯː/, /*zlɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	栽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zāi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁə/
English	plant (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	栽	栽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16489	16502
Phonetic component		
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	烖	載
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯː/	/*zlɯːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 栽

1. to cultivate; to plant

   • 山上多栽樹，等於修水庫。雨多它能吞，雨少它能吐。 [MSC, trad.]
     山上多栽树，等于修水库。雨多它能吞，雨少它能吐。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2004, 普通话水平测试实施纲要

     Shān shàng duō zāi shù, děngyú xiū shuǐkù. Yǔ duō tā néng tūn, yǔ shào tā néng tǔ. [Pinyin]

     Planting more trees on mountains is akin to building reservoirs. If there's much rain they can take it in, if there's little rain they can dispense.

2. to care for plants
3. to tumble
4. (by extension) to fail

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zài (zai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zài
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zài
    • Wade–Giles: tsai⁴
    • Yale: dzài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 栽

1. to build using an ancient method of architectural construction

   • 里而栽，廣丈，高倍 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     里而栽，广丈，高倍 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     lǐ ér zài, guǎng zhàng, gāo bèi [Pinyin]

     He raised a mound at the distance of a li, 10 cubits thick, and twice as many in height

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

栽

(Jōyō kanji)

1. farm
2. cultivation
3. plantation

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kun: うえる (ueru, 栽える)^{←うゑる (uweru, 栽ゑる, historical)}

Proper noun

栽(さい) • (Sai) 

1. a surname

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Korean

Hanja

栽 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 栽 (tài, trài)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.