泡

Translingual

Han character

泡 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水心口山 (EPRU), four-corner 3711₂, composition ⿰氵包)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17307
• Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1591, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6CE1

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	*buː, *buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	*pruː, *pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	*pruː, *bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	*pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	*pʰruːs, *bruː
皰	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑	*bruː, *bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	*bruː, *bruːs
瓟	*bruː, *bruːɡ
颮	*bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄	*bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	*bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		泡
alternative forms		脬 classifier

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pāo (pao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pao
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao¹
    • Yale: pāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pau
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paau¹
    • Yale: pāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: phaew, baew

Rime
Character	泡	泡
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	匹交切	薄交切
Baxter	phaew	baew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠau/	/bˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚau/	/bᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰau/	/bau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨw/	/baɨw/
Li Rong	/pʰau/	/bau/
Wang Li	/pʰau/	/bau/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰau/	/bʱau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pāo	páo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau1	paau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰruː/, /*bruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泡	泡
Reading #	1/3	3/3
No.	278	296
Phonetic component	勹	勹
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	胞	庖
Old Chinese	/*pʰruː/	/*bruː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 泡

1. Name of a river.
2. small lake
3. Classifier for excreta.

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		泡

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pào (pao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁵ / paau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phā / phàu / phāu / pho

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pào
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pào
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao⁴
    • Yale: pàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paw
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pàor
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pàor
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: pàur
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pawl
    • Palladius: паор (paor)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pou⁵ / paau¹
    • Yale: póuh / pāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁵ / paau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pou⁵ / pao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯¹³/, /pʰaːu̯⁵⁵/

Note:

• pou5 - “bubble”;
• paau1 - “bulb”, e.g. 燈泡.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
    • Hakka Romanization System: pau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phā
    • Tâi-lô: phā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pha
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰa⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰa²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
    • Tâi-lô: phàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰau²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰau⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phāu
    • Tâi-lô: phāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phau
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰau²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho
    • Tâi-lô: pho
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰo⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ⁴⁴/

Note:

• pho - etymologically unrelated, meaning “bubble; saliva”.

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• Middle Chinese: phaew

Rime
Character	泡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	匹交切
Baxter	phaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨw/
Li Rong	/pʰau/
Wang Li	/pʰau/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泡
Reading #	1/3
No.	278
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	胞
Old Chinese	/*pʰruː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 泡

1. bubble
2. bubblelike or bulbous object
3. blister
4. (Taiwanese Hokkien) saliva; spit

Pronunciation 3

simp. and trad.		泡
alternative forms		𣶐 to soak

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pào (pao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phàu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pào
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pào
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao⁴
    • Yale: pàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paw
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paau³
    • Yale: paau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
    • Hakka Romanization System: pau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
    • Tâi-lô: phàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰau²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰau²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰau¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰau²¹/

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• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*m̥ʰruːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泡
Reading #	2/3
No.	283
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	奅
Old Chinese	/*m̥ʰruːs/
Notes	𣶐後起字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 泡

1. to soak
2. (informal) to pick up; to meet and seduce for romantic purposes

Pronunciation 4

simp. and trad.		泡

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): páo (pao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: páo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: páo
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao²
    • Yale: páu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paau⁴
    • Yale: pàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯²¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 泡

1. ^† abundant

Pronunciation 5

simp. and trad.		泡
alternative forms		啵

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phò

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò
    • Tâi-lô: phò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰo⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰo¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 泡

1. (Southern Min) light and crisp

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

泡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. bubbles

Readings

• Go-on: ひょう (hyō)^{←へう (feu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kun: あわ (awa, 泡, Jōyō); あぶく (abuku, 泡)

Compounds

• 泡盛(あわもり) (awamori)
• 発泡酒(はっぽうしゅ) (happōshu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泡
あわ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
沫

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あわ​ [àwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɰᵝa̠]

Noun

泡(あわ) • (awa) 

1. bubble
2. foam, head on carbonated beverages such as beer

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Korean

Hanja

泡 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Okinawan

Kanji

泡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: あー (ā, 泡)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泡
あー Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
沫

Cognate with Japanese 泡 (awa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaː/

Noun

泡(あー) (ā) 

1. bubbles
2. froth, foam

References

• “あー【泡・沫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “アー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 泡 (bàu, bảo, bào, bầu, phao)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.