泡

泡 U+6CE1, 泡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE1 ← 泠 [U+6CE0] CJK Unified Ideographs 波 → [U+6CE2]

Translingual

Han character

泡 (radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水心口山 (EPRU), four-corner 3711₂, composition ⿰氵包)

References

• KangXi: page 617, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17307
• Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1591, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6CE1

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	*buː, *buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	*pruː, *pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	*pruː, *bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	*pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	*pʰruːs, *bruː
皰	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑	*bruː, *bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	*bruː, *bruːs
瓟	*bruː, *bruːɡ
颮	*bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄	*bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	*bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		泡
alternative forms		脬 classifier

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pāo (pao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: pāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pau
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: paau¹
    • Yale: pāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰäːu̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /pʰˠau/, /bˠau/

Rime
Character	泡	泡
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	匹交切	薄交切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠau/	/bˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚau/	/bᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰau/	/bau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨw/	/baɨw/
Li Rong	/pʰau/	/bau/
Wang Li	/pʰau/	/bau/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰau/	/bʱau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pāo	páo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau1	paau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰruː/, /*bruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泡	泡
Reading #	1/3	3/3
No.	278	296
Phonetic component	勹	勹
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	胞	庖
Old Chinese	/*pʰruː/	/*bruː/

Definitions

泡

1. Name of a river.
2. small lake
3. Classifier for excreta.

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		泡

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pào (pao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁵, paau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
• Min Nan (POJ): phā / phàu / phāu / pho

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: pào
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pào
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Pinyin: pàor
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋㄦ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻaorh4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paull
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pàor
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pou⁵, paau¹
    • Yale: póuh, pāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁵, paau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pou⁵, pao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯¹³/, /pʰäːu̯⁵⁵/

Note:

• pou5 - “bubble”;
• paau1 - “bulb”, e.g. 燈泡.

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
  • Hakka Romanization System: pau
  • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴
  • Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phā
  • Tâi-lô: phā
  • Phofsit Daibuun: pha
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰa⁴¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰa²²/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
  • Tâi-lô: phàu
  • Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaʊ⁴¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰaʊ²¹/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phāu
  • Tâi-lô: phāu
  • Phofsit Daibuun: phau
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰaʊ²²/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaʊ⁴¹/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho
  • Tâi-lô: pho
  • Phofsit Daibuun: phoy
  • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰo⁴⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ⁴⁴/

Note:

• pho - etymologically unrelated, meaning “bubble; saliva”.

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• Middle Chinese: /pʰˠau/

Rime
Character	泡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	匹交切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨw/
Li Rong	/pʰau/
Wang Li	/pʰau/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泡
Reading #	1/3
No.	278
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	胞
Old Chinese	/*pʰruː/

Definitions

泡

1. bubble
2. bubblelike or bulbous object
3. blister
4. (Taiwanese Hokkien) saliva; spit
5. (Wuhan Mandarin, Liannan Hakka) swim bladder

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 魚鰾 (“swim bladder”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		魚鰾
Mandarin	Beijing	魚尿脬
	Tianjin	魚泡兒
	Tangshan	魚尿脬
	Cangzhou	魚尿包
	Baoding	魚尿脬
	Shijiazhuang	魚泡兒
	Chifeng	魚脬, 魚尿脬
	Hailar	魚尿脬
	Harbin	魚泡兒
	Shenyang	魚泡
	Muping	魚泡兒
	Qingdao	魚鰾兒
	Jinan	魚泡, 魚飄
	Zhengzhou	魚尿脬
	Xi'an	魚脯兒
	Yinchuan	魚泡, 魚泡兒
	Lanzhou	魚泡兒
	Xining	魚尿脬, 魚漂兒
	Ürümqi	魚泡兒
	Wuhan	魚泡, 泡
	Chengdu	魚泡, 魚泡兒
	Chongqing	魚泡兒
	Guiyang	魚鰾, 魚脬
	Kunming	魚尿脬
	Guilin	魚泡
	Liuzhou	魚脬, 魚泡
	Xuzhou	魚泡兒, 魚尿脬
	Yangzhou	魚泡子, 魚脬
	Nanjing	魚泡泡, 魚脬兒
	Hefei	魚泡
	Nantong	魚鰾, 魚泡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	魚泡
	Hong Kong	魚泡
	Macau	魚泡
	Panyu	魚泡
	Huadu (Huashan)	魚泡
	Conghua	魚泡
	Zengcheng	魚泡
	Foshan	魚泡
	Nanhai (Shatou)	魚泡
	Shunde	魚泡
	Sanshui	魚泡
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	魚泡
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	魚泡
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	魚泡
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	魚泡
	Doumen	魚泡
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	魚泡
	Xinhui	魚泡
	Taishan	魚泡
	Kaiping (Chikan)	魚泡
	Enping (Niujiang)	魚泡
	Heshan (Yayao)	魚泡
	Dongguan	魚泡
	Bao'an (Shajing)	魚朵
Gan	Nanchang	魚泡
	Pingxiang	魚泡
Hakka	Meixian	魚泡仔, 魚泡
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	魚鰾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	魚泡
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	魚鰾
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	魚泡
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	魚泡
	Wengyuan	魚鰾
	Liannan	泡
	Conghua (Lütian)	魚泡
	Jiexi	魚泡
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	魚泡
	Changting	魚泡哩
	Wuping (Yanqian)	魚泡
	Ninghua	魚泡
	Yudu	魚泡
	Ningdu	魚鰾
	Tonggu (Sandu)	魚泡
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	魚鰾
	Dayu	魚泡
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	魚泡
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	魚泡
	Xinyi (Sihe)	魚泡
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	魚泡
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	魚泡
	Dianbai (Shalang)	魚泡
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	魚泡
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	魚泡
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	魚泡
	Mengshan (Xihe)	魚泡
	Luchuan	魚泡
Huizhou	Jixi	魚泡泡
Jin	Taiyuan	魚泡兒, 魚鰾
	Xinzhou	魚脬
	Linhe	魚泡
	Jining	魚泡
	Hohhot	魚泡兒
	Zhangjiakou	魚尿脬
	Handan	魚泡兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	魚泡
Min Dong	Fuzhou	魚膠
Min Nan	Xiamen	魚鰾
	Quanzhou	魚鰾
	Zhangzhou	魚鰾, 魚噗
	Tainan	魚鰾
	Shantou	魚鰾
	Chenghai	魚鰾
	Haikou	魚鰾
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	魚泡
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	魚泡
Wu	Shanghai	魚泡泡
	Chongming	魚泡
	Suzhou	魚鰾鰾
	Hangzhou	魚泡泡兒
	Ningbo	魚泡泡
	Wenzhou	魚膠, 膠
	Jinhua	魚泡
Xiang	Changsha	魚脬
	Loudi	魚脬

Pronunciation 3

simp. and trad.		泡
alternative forms		𣶐 to soak

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pào (pao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
• Min Nan (POJ): phàu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: pào
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˋ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pào
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: paau³
    • Yale: paau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰäːu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
    • Hakka Romanization System: pau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
    • Tâi-lô: phàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰaʊ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaʊ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaʊ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰaʊ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰaʊ²¹/

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• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*m̥ʰruːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泡
Reading #	2/3
No.	283
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	奅
Old Chinese	/*m̥ʰruːs/
Notes	𣶐後起字

Definitions

泡

1. to soak
2. (informal) to pick up; to meet and seduce for romantic purposes

Pronunciation 4

simp. and trad.		泡

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): páo (pao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: páo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
    • Tongyong Pinyin: páo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: paau⁴
    • Yale: pàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰäːu̯²¹/

Definitions

泡

1. ^† abundant

Pronunciation 5

simp. and trad.		泡
alternative forms		啵

• Min Nan (POJ): phò

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• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò
    • Tâi-lô: phò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰo⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰo¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²¹/

Definitions

泡

1. (Min Nan) light and crisp

Compounds

• 一泡
• 一泡子
• 充氣燈泡／充气灯泡
• 冒泡 (màopào)
• 冒泡兒／冒泡儿
• 化為泡影／化为泡影 (huàwéi pàoyǐng)
• 卵泡 (luǎnpāo)
• 夢幻泡影／梦幻泡影
• 如法泡製／如法泡制
• 幻泡
• 打泡
• 氣泡／气泡 (qìpào)
• 氣泡室／气泡室
• 氣泡病／气泡病
• 水泡 (shuǐpào)
• 沖泡／冲泡 (chōngpào)
• 泡妞 (pàoniū)
• 泡幻
• 泡影 (pàoyǐng)
• 泡桐 (pāotóng)
• 泡棉
• 泡水
• 泡沫 (pàomò)
• 泡沫劑／泡沫剂

• 泡沫塑膠／泡沫塑胶
• 泡沫橡膠／泡沫橡胶
• 泡沫水泥
• 泡沫浴
• 泡沫玻璃
• 泡沫紅茶／泡沫红茶
• 泡沫經濟／泡沫经济 (pàomò jīngjì)
• 泡沫車／泡沫车
• 泡沫髮膠／泡沫发胶
• 泡泡 (pàopào)
• 泡泡糖 (pàopàotáng)
• 泡湯／泡汤 (pàotāng)
• 泡滾／泡滚
• 泡漩
• 泡燈／泡灯
• 泡疹
• 泡病號／泡病号
• 泡磨菇
• 泡芙 (pàofú)
• 泡茶 (pàochá)
• 泡茶館／泡茶馆
• 泡菜 (pàocài)
• 泡蘑菇 (pào mógu)
• 泡螺

• 泡貨／泡货
• 泡飯／泡饭 (pàofàn)
• 泡麵／泡面 (pàomiàn)
• 泡麵哲學／泡面哲学
• 泡麵市場／泡面市场
• 海泡石
• 浸泡 (jìnpào)
• 液泡 (yèpào)
• 液泡膜
• 潦泡
• 潦漿泡／潦浆泡
• 濾泡／滤泡
• 濾泡期／滤泡期
• 燈泡／灯泡 (dēngpào)
• 燎泡 (liáopào)
• 燎漿泡／燎浆泡
• 發泡成形／发泡成形
• 眼泡
• 美得冒泡
• 肉眼泡兒／肉眼泡儿
• 肥皂泡 (féizàopào)
• 肺泡 (fèipào)
• 豆泡 (dòupāo)
• 電燈泡／电灯泡 (diàndēngpào)

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Japanese

Kanji

泡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. bubbles

Readings

• Go-on: ひょう (hyō)^{←へう (feu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kun: あわ (awa, 泡, Jōyō); あぶく (abuku, 泡)

Compounds

• 泡盛(あわもり) (awamori)
• 発泡酒(はっぽうしゅ) (happōshu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泡
あわ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
沫

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 C.E..

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あわ​ [àwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɰᵝa̠]

Noun

泡(あわ) • (awa) 

1. bubble
2. foam, head on carbonated beverages such as beer

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泡 (MC pʰˠau). Recorded as Middle Korean 포 (Yale: pwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

泡 (eumhun 거품 포 (geopum po))

1. Hanja form^? of 포 (“bubbles”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 포말 (泡沫, pomal)
• 수포 (水泡, supo)
• 기포 (氣泡, gipo)
• 발포 (發泡, balpo)
• 발포제 (發泡劑, balpoje)
• 기포제 (起泡劑, gipoje)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Okinawan

Kanji

泡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: あー (ā, 泡)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泡
あー Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling	沫

Cognate with Japanese 泡 (awa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaː/

Noun

泡 (hiragana あー, rōmaji ā)

1. bubbles
2. froth, foam

References

• “あー【泡・沫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “アー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

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Vietnamese

Han character

泡: Hán Nôm readings: bàu, bảo, bào, bầu, phao

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.