渠

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Translingual

Han character

渠 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 31904, composition ⿱洰木)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 633, character 48
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1645, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6E20

Chinese

trad. 渠
simp. # 渠
alternative forms 𠍲 pronoun
佢 pronoun (dialectal)
伊 pronoun (S. Sixian Hakka; Shanghainese)
洰 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
柜 *kaʔ
渠 *ɡa
磲 *ɡa
蕖 *ɡa
蟝 *ɡa
璖 *ɡa
巨 *ɡaʔ
距 *ɡaʔ
拒 *ɡaʔ
苣 *ɡaʔ
炬 *ɡaʔ
詎 *ɡaʔ, *ɡas
鉅 *ɡaʔ
秬 *ɡaʔ
粔 *ɡaʔ
駏 *ɡaʔ
歫 *ɡaʔ
矩 *kʷaʔ
榘 *kʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).

Etymology

“ditch; canal; drain”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).
third-person pronoun
Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢.

Pronunciation 1

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 渠

  1. ditch; canal; drain
    渠務／渠务  ―  qúwù  ―  drainage services
  2. † big; huge
  3. a surname

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 渠

  1. (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he, she, it
    問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: c. 12th century (deprecated template usage) 朱熹 (Zhu Xi), (deprecated template usage) 觀書有感
    Wèn qú nǎ dé qīng rú xǔ, wèi yǒu yuántóu huóshuǐ lái. [Pinyin]
    [I want to] ask it [the pond] why it can be so clear. It is because running water continuously flows in.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 他 (“he”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 伊1, 彼, 其, 厥, 渠, 夫, 之 object, 乃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 他
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 他, 怹 honorific
Taiwan 他
Chengde 他
Ulanhot 他
Tongliao 他
Chifeng 他
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 他
Heihe 他
Qiqihar 他
Harbin 他
Jiamusi 他
Baicheng 他
Changchun 他
Tonghua 他
Shenyang 他
Jinzhou 他
Malaysia 他
Singapore 他
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 他
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 他
Tangshan 他
Cangzhou 他
Lijin 他
Weifang (Weicheng) 他
Weifang (Fangzi) 他
Changle 他
Shouguang 他
Wulian 他
Jinan 他
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 他
Dandong 他
Yantai 他
Yantai (Muping) 他
Qingdao 他
Weifang (Hanting) 他
Changyi 他
Gaomi 他
Zhucheng 他
Anqiu 他
Linqu 他
Qingzhou 他
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 他
Lingbao 他
Wanrong 他, 伢
Linfen 他
Shangqiu 他
Yuanyang 他
Zhengzhou 他
Xinyang 他
Baihe 他
Xi'an 他
Dingbian 他
Baoji 他
Tianshui 他
Xining 家, 他
Xuzhou 他
Pizhou 他
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 他
Donghai 他
Fuyang 他
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 他
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 他
Bayanhot 他
Lanzhou 他, 那
Dunhuang 他
Hami 他
Ürümqi 他
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 他
Nanchong 他
Dazhou 他
Hanyuan 他
Xichang 他
Zigong 他
Chongqing 他
Wuhan 他, 他家
Yichang 他
Xiangyang 他
Tianmen 他
Guiyang 他
Zunyi 他
Bijie 他
Liping 他
Zhaotong 他
Dali 他
Kunming 他
Mengzi 他
Guilin 他
Liuzhou 他
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 他
Nanning (Fujian) 他
Nanning (Wuming) 他
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 他
Binyang (Nanjie) 他
Jishou 他
Changde 他
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 他
Hanzhong 他
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 他
Yangzhou 他
Baoying 他
Taizhou 他
Zhenjiang 他
Lianyungang 他
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 他
Lianshui 他
Xuyi 他
Xinghua 他
Nantong 他
Rugao 他
Yancheng 他
Funing 他
Sihong 他
Anqing 他
Wuhu 他
Hefei 他
Hong'an 他
Mandarin Qinzhou (Longmengang) 他
Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 他
Nanping (Yanping) 他
Cantonese Guangzhou 佢
Hong Kong 佢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 佢
Hong Kong (Shek Pik Weitou) 佢
Macau 佢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 佢
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 佢
Guangzhou (Conghua) 佢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 佢
Foshan 佢
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 佢
Foshan (Shunde) 佢
Foshan (Sanshui) 佢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 佢
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 佢
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 佢
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Henglan) 佢
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 佢
Zhongshan (Nantou) 佢
Zhongshan (Fusha) 佢
Zhongshan (Shalang) 佢
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 佢
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 佢
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 佢
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 佢
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 佢
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 佢
Zhongshan (Banfu) 佢
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 佢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 佢
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 佢
Zhuhai (Doumen) 佢
Jiangmen (Baisha) 佢
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 佢
Taishan 佢
Taishan (Guanghai) 佢
Kaiping (Chikan) 佢
Enping (Niujiang) 佢
Heshan (Yayao) 佢
Dongguan 佢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 佢
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 佢
Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua) 其
Shenzhen (Pingshan Zhanmi) 佢
Qingyuan 佢
Fogang 佢
Yingde (Hanguang) 佢
Yangshan 佢
Lianshan (Butian) 佢
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 佢
Shaoguan 佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 佢
Renhua 佢
Lechang 佢
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 佢
Sihui 佢
Guangning 佢
Deqing 佢
Huaiji 佢
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 佢
Yunfu 佢
Xinxing 佢
Luoding 佢
Yunan (Pingtai) 佢
Yangjiang 佢
Xinyi 佢
Lianjiang 佢
Nanning 佢
Wuzhou 佢
Yulin 佢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 佢
Baise 佢
Qinzhou 佢
Beihai 佢
Beihai (Nankang) 佢
Beihai (Yingpan) 佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 佢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 佢
Danzhou 佢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 佢
Penang (Guangfu) 佢
Singapore (Guangfu) 佢
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 佢
Móng Cái 佢
Yangon (Taishan) 佢
Mandalay (Taishan) 佢
Gan Nanchang 渠
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 渠
Anyi 渠仂
Lushan 渠
Pengze 渠
Duchang 渠, 渠儂
Wuning (Quankou) 渠
Poyang 渠
Yugan 渠, 渠郎
Wannian 渠
Hengfeng 渠, 渠仂
Yanshan 渠, 渠仂
Leping 渠
Yichun 渠
Yifeng 渠
Gao'an 渠
Fengxin 渠
Shanggao 渠
Wanzai 渠
Fengcheng 渠
Xinyu 渠
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 渠
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 渠仂
Nancheng 渠
Nanfeng 渠仂, 渠
Yihuang 渠
Lichuan 渠
Chongren 渠
Pingxiang 他
Lianhua 渠
Ji'an 渠
Yongfeng 渠
Taihe 渠
Xiajiang 渠
Yongxin 渠
Yingtan (Yujiang) 渠
Guixi 渠, 渠仂
Jianning 使
Jinxian 渠
Jinxi 渠
Le'an 渠
Guangchang 渠
Anfu 渠
Suichuan 渠
Wan'an 渠
Jing'an 渠
Zhangshu 渠
Xingan 渠
Fenyi 渠
Hakka Meixian 佢
Xingning 佢
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 佢
Huidong (Daling) 佢
Dongguan (Qingxi) 佢
Boluo (Bendihua) 佢
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 佢
Wuhua (Huacheng) 佢
Wuhua (Meilin) 佢
Heyuan (Bendihua) 佢
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 佢
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 佢
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 佢
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 佢
Liannan 佢
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 佢
Jiexi 佢
Changting 佢
Shanghang 佢
Longyan (Yongding) 佢
Wuping 佢
Wuping (Pingyu) 佢
Liancheng 佢
Ninghua 佢
Qingliu 佢
Yudu 佢
Ruijin 佢
Shicheng 佢
Shangyou (Shexi) 佢
Ganzhou (Nankang) 佢
Dingnan 佢
Longnan 佢
Xunwu 佢
Huichang 佢
Chongyi 佢
Xingguo 佢
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 佢
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 佢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 佢
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 佢
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 佢
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 佢
Hong Kong 佢
Luchuan 佢
Bobai (Shahe) 佢
Bobai (Longtan) 佢
Bobai (Lingping) 佢
Bobai (Lingjiao) 佢
Sabah (Longchuan) 佢
Senai (Huiyang) 佢
Kuching (Hepo) 佢
Singkawang 佢
Bangkok (Meixian) 佢
Huizhou Jixi 渠, 渠仂
Dexing 渠
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 渠
Jiande (Meicheng) 渠
Jiande (Shouchang) 渠, 渠儂
Jin Taiyuan 他
Yangyuan 他
Datong 他
Xinzhou 他
Lüliang (Lishi) 他
Changzhi 他
Taibus (Baochang) 他
Linhe 他
Jining 他
Hohhot 他
Baotou 他
Dongsheng 他
Haibowan 他
Erenhot 他
Pingshan 他
Zhangjiakou 他
Handan 他
Linzhou 他
Suide 他
Northern Min Jian'ou 渠
Jian'ou (Dikou) 渠
Songxi 渠
Zhenghe 渠
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 渠
Jianyang 渠
Pucheng (Shibei) 渠
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伊1
Fuzhou (Changle) 伊1
Lianjiang 伊1
Fuqing 伊1
Pingtan 伊1
Yongtai 伊1
Minqing 伊1
Gutian 伊1
Pingnan 伊1
Luoyuan 伊1
Fu'an 伊1
Ningde 伊1
Xiapu 伊1
Zherong 伊1
Shouning 伊1
Zhouning 伊1
Fuding 伊1
Matsu 伊1
Taishun 伊1
Cangnan 伊1
Sitiawan (Gutian) 伊1
Southern Min Xiamen 伊1
Xiamen (Tong'an) 伊1
Quanzhou 伊1
Jinjiang 伊1
Nan'an 伊1
Shishi 伊1
Hui'an 伊1
Anxi 伊1
Yongchun 伊1
Dehua 伊1
Zhangzhou 伊1
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 伊1
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 伊1
Hua'an 伊1
Nanjing 伊1
Pinghe 伊1
Zhangpu 伊1
Yunxiao 伊1
Zhao'an 伊1
Dongshan 伊1
Taipei 伊1
Taipei (Wanhua) 伊1
Kaohsiung 伊1
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 伊1
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 伊1
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 伊1
Yilan 伊1
Changhua (Lukang) 伊1
Taichung 伊1
Taichung (Wuqi) 伊1
Tainan 伊1
Taitung 伊1
Hsinchu 伊1
Kinmen 伊1
Penghu (Magong) 伊1
Penang (Hokkien) 伊1
Singapore (Hokkien) 伊1
Manila (Hokkien) 伊1
Medan (Hokkien) 伊1
Longyan 伊1
Zhangping 伊1
Datian 伊1
Pingnan (Shangdu) 他, 伊1
Guilin (Biyange) 伊1
Cangnan 伊1
Chaozhou 伊1
Shantou 伊1
Shantou (Chaoyang) 伊1
Jieyang 伊1
Haifeng 伊1
Bangkok (Teochew) 伊1
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 伊1
Singapore (Teochew) 伊1
Pontianak (Teochew) 伊1
Leizhou 伊1
Wenchang 伊1
Haikou 伊1
Qionghai 伊1
Singapore (Hainanese) 伊1
Puxian Min Putian 伊1
Xianyou 伊1
Central Min Yong'an 渠
Sanming (Sanyuan) 渠
Sanming (Shaxian) 渠
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 渠
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 𠇼
Guangze 𠇼
Jiangle 渠
Mingxi 渠
Shunchang 渠
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 伊1
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 伊1
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 佢
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 他
Shehua Jingning (Hexi) 渠
Wu Shanghai 伊2
Shanghai (Songjiang) 是渠, 實渠, 渠
Shanghai (Jiading) 伊2
Shanghai (Chongming) 伊2
Suzhou 俚, 俚倷, 唔倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 伊2, 伊奴
Wuxi 佗
Changshu 伊2
Nantong (Haimen) 他, 伊2
Jiaxing 伊內
Jiashan 伊2, 伊儂
Pinghu 伊儂
Haining (Yanguan) 伊2
Tongxiang 伊2, 夷儂
Haiyan 伊2, 葉內, 候內
Changzhou 佗
Danyang 他
Nanjing (Gaochun) 他
Huzhou 是其
Changxing 是夷, 夷
Anji 其
Deqing 夷
Hangzhou 他
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 夷, 其
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 夷, 是夷, 其
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 夷, 是夷
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 夷
Tonglu 夷, 是夷
Tonglu (Wusheng) 夷, 他
Shaoxing 夷
Zhuji 其
Shengzhou 夷
Xinchang 其
Ningbo 渠, 渠儂
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 其
Ningbo (Fenghua) 其
Yuyao 渠
Cixi 渠
Xiangshan 其, 像其
Ninghai 其, 其儂
Zhoushan 其
Taizhou (Huangyan) 渠
Tiantai 渠
Xianju 渠
Sanmen 渠
Linhai 渠
Wenling 渠
Wenzhou 渠
Yueqing 渠
Yongjia (Fenglin) 渠
Rui'an 渠
Pingyang 渠
Taishun 其
Wencheng 渠
Lishui 渠
Qingtian 渠
Jinyun 渠
Wuyi (Liucheng) 渠
Songyang (Xiping) 渠
Yunhe 他, 其
Jingning 他, 渠
Qingyuan 渠
Longquan 渠
Quzhou 渠
Suichang 渠
Jiangshan 渠
Changshan 渠
Kaihua 渠
Longyou 渠, 渠儂
Jinhua 渠
Jinhua (Tangxi) 渠, 渠儂
Yiwu 渠
Yongkang 渠
Pujiang 其, 徐
Dongyang 渠
Wuyi 渠
Lanxi 渠, 渠儂
Xiang Changsha 他
Loudi 他
Shuangfeng 他
Quanzhou 他
Note In spoken language, Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender/animacy in the third-person pronoun; distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.
佢 is commonly used in Yue, Hakka and Pinghua, while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

渠

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

渠 (eum 거 (geo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

渠: Hán Nôm readings: cừ, gừa, khờ, cự

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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