膠

See also: 胶

Translingual

Han character

膠 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月尸一竹 (BSMH), four-corner 7722₂, composition ⿰⺼翏)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29841
• Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2109, character 6
• Unihan data for U+81A0

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Chinese

trad.		膠
simp.		胶*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
醪	*ruːw
嫪	*ruːw, *rɯːws
嘐	*ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿	*rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
顟	*rrɯːw
膠	*krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇	*krɯːw
摎	*krɯːw, *rɯw
髎	*riw, *rɯːw
熮	*riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖	*rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
憀	*rɯːw, *rɯw
豂	*rɯːw
漻	*rɯːw
翏	*ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
寥	*rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
蓼	*rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
鄝	*rɯːwʔ
鷚	*mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
繆	*mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
勠	*rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁	*rɯw
飂	*rɯw, *rɯws
鏐	*rɯw, *rɯw
僇	*rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
瘳	*r̥ʰɯw
璆	*ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
謬	*mrɯws
蟉	*ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛	*krɯw
磟	*ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
戮	*rɯwɢ
剹	*rɯwɢ
穋	*rɯwɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaau¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gau¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâu
• Eastern Min (BUC): kă
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ka / kau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ga¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
    • Wade–Giles: chiao¹
    • Yale: jyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
    • Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaau¹
    • Yale: gāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gau¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kă
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰa⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka / kau
    • Tâi-lô: ka / kau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaf, kaw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴/, /kau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³/, /kau³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ka⁴⁴/, /kau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴/, /kau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/, /kau⁴⁴/

Note:

• ka - vernacular;
• kau - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ga¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ka
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kau
    • MiniDict: kau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: kaew, khaew, kaewH

Rime
Character	膠	膠	膠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II	II
Fanqie	古肴切	口交切	古孝切
Baxter	kaew	khaew	kaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/	/kʰˠau/	/kˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/	/kʰᵚau/	/kᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/	/kʰau/	/kauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/	/kʰaɨw/	/kaɨwH/
Li Rong	/kau/	/kʰau/	/kauH/
Wang Li	/kau/	/kʰau/	/kauH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kau/	/kʰau/	/kauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo	qiāo	jiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau1	haau1	gaau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤriw/, /*[k]ˤriwʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːw/, /*krɯːws/, /*kʰrɯːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膠	膠
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	jiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›	‹ kæwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁriw/	/*[k]ˁriwʔ/
English	glue	glue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膠	膠	膠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	8350	8354	8355
Phonetic component	翏	翏	翏
Rime group	幽	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	交	敎	敲
Old Chinese	/*krɯːw/	/*krɯːws/	/*kʰrɯːw/
Notes			校本改目旁

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 膠

1. glue; adhesive; gum; resin
2. rubber (substance)
3. to glue; to adhere
4. sticky; gluey
5. (Cantonese) plastic

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Japanese

Kanji

膠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. glue
2. isinglass

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: にかわ (nikawa, 膠)

Compounds

Compounds

• 阿膠(あきょう) (akyō)
• 魚膠(うおにかわ) (uonikawa)
• 希突起膠細胞(きとっきこうさいぼう) (kitokkikōsaibō): oligodendrocyte
• 魚膠(ぎょこう) (gyokō)
• 膠化(こうか) (kōka)
• 膠原質(こうげんしつ) (kōgenshitsu)
• 膠原繊維(こうげんせんい) (kōgensen'i)
• 膠原病(こうげんびょう) (kōgenbyō)
• 膠砂(こうさ) (kōsa)
• 膠剤(こうざい) (kōzai)
• 膠漆(こうしつ) (kōshitsu)
• 膠質(こうしつ) (kōshitsu)
• 膠州湾(こうしゅうわん) (Kōshūwan)
• 膠状(こうじょう) (kōjō)
• 膠着(こうちゃく) (kōchaku)
• 膠柱(こうちゅう) (kōchū)
• 膠泥(こうでい) (kōdei)
• 金泥(こんでい) (kondei)
• 漆膠(しっこう) (shikkō)
• 小膠細胞(しょうこうさいぼう) (shōkōsaibō): microglia
• 神経膠細胞(しんけいこうさいぼう) (shinkeikōsaibō): neuroglia
• 神経膠腫(しんけいこうしゅ) (shinkeikōshu): glioma
• 透(す)き膠(にかわ) (sukinikawa)
• 星状膠細胞(せいじょうこうさいぼう) (seijōkōsaibō): astrocyte
• 膠下地(にかわしたじ) (nikawashitaji)
• 膠質(にかわしつ) (nikawashitsu)
• 膠(にかわ)す (nikawasu): stay as if stuck to glue
• 膠付(にかわづ)け (nikawazuke)
• 鮸膠(にべ) (nibe), 鰾膠(にべ) (nibe)
• 鰾膠(にべにかわ) (nibenikawa)

Kanji in this term
膠
にかわ Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

Noun

膠(にかわ) • (nikawa) ^{←にかは (nikafa)?}

1. glue

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Korean

Hanja

膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 膠 (giao, keo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.