英

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 4453₀, composition ⿱艹央)

Derived characters

• 暎

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808
• Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1
• Unihan data for U+82F1

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Chinese

trad.		英
simp. #		英

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (央) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鴦	*qaːŋ, *qaŋ
佒	*qaːŋ
咉	*qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
眏	*qaːŋ
姎	*qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
坱	*qaːŋʔ
映	*qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs
泱	*qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ
盎	*qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
駚	*qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ
軮	*qaːŋʔ
醠	*qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
央	*qaŋ
秧	*qaŋ, *qaŋʔ
殃	*qaŋ
鞅	*qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
鉠	*qaŋ, *qraŋ
雵	*qaŋ
胦	*qaŋ, *qroːŋ
柍	*qaŋʔ
詇	*qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs
岟	*qaŋʔ
炴	*qaŋʔ
怏	*qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
紻	*qaŋʔ
英	*qraŋ
瑛	*qraŋ
霙	*qraŋ
韺	*qraŋ
媖	*qraŋ
渶	*qraŋ
鶧	*qraŋ
楧	*qraŋ
暎	*qraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).

Etymology

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan & related to Mizo ân (“to open the mouth to receive food, to open to”) and âng (“to open (mouth), to gape with open mouth”), thus 英 (OC *qraŋ) evokes the mental image of an opening flower (Schuessler, 2007).

Besides, Schuessler points to Mizo êng (“light”) and Mizo ên (“to shine, to give light, bright, brilliant”) as well as notes Bahnar à:ŋ (“light”) (which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔaiŋ (“light, to shine”)), though he suggests that these Austroasiatic and Mizo items may be related to 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) instead (ibid.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yîn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yin¹

• Northern Min (KCR): éng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iaⁿ / eng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): êng¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹in

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ying
    • Wade–Giles: ying¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
    • Palladius: ин (in)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jing¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: in^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)in^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: éng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: iann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: viaf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iã³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
    • Tâi-lô: ing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• iaⁿ - vernacular;
• eng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: êng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹in
    • MiniDict: in^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹in
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 英
Mandarin	Beijing	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/iŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/iŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/iŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/iŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iŋ²¹/
	Xining	/iə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/in⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/in⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/in⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/in³¹/
	Hefei	/in²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/iŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/iŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/in⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔin³³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠aŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/iʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/iɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/in³³/
	Xiangtan	/in³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/in⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/in⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/in²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jeŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/jeŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jiŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/eiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/eŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/eŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jaeng

Rime
Character	英
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於驚切
Baxter	'jaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	英
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ<r>aŋ/
English	young grass plants
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	英
Reading #	1/1
No.	14510
Phonetic component	央
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	霙
Old Chinese	/*qraŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 英

1. flower, petal
2. outstanding
3. fine, excellent
4. brave
5. hero
6. Short for 英國／英国 (Yīngguó, “Britain”).

   英軍／英军  ―  yīngjūn  ―  British Armed Forces

7. a surname

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Japanese

Kanji

英

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. English
2. flower, petal

Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō)
• Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō); え (e)
• Kun: はなぶさ (hanabusa, 英); はな (hana, 英); ひいでる (hīderu, 英でる)
• Nanori: ひで (hide)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
英
えい Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Proper noun

英(えい) • (Ei) 

1. Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).

Affix

英(えい) • (ei) 

1. Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
2. Short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”).
3. outstanding; outstanding person
4. flower; calyx

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 英(えい)気(き) (eiki)
• 英(えい)語(ご) (eigo)
• 英(えい)国(こく) (eikoku)
• 英(えい)和(わ) (eiwa)
• 英(えい)断(だん) (eidan)
• 英(えい)知(ち) (eichi)
• 英(えい)智(ち) (Eichi)
• 英(えい)文(ぶん) (eibun)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう) (eiyū)
• 英(えい)里(り) (eiri)
• 英(えい)霊(れい) (eirei)
• 石(せき)英(えい) (sekiei)

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Korean

Hanja

英 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)

1. the UK, Great Britain(In compounds, in news media)
2. petal

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 英 (anh, yêng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.