讀

See also: 读 and 読

Translingual

Traditional	讀
Shinjitai	読
Simplified	读

Han character

讀 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土田金 (YRGWC), four-corner 0468₆, composition ⿰言賣(GHTV) or ⿰言𧶠(KJ))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1185, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36088
• Dae Jaweon: page 1649, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4029, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8B80

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Chinese

trad.		讀
simp.		读
alternative forms		逗 Etymology 2

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 讀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
竇	*l'oːɡs
續	*ljoɡs, *ljoɡ
覿	*l'juːɡ
黷	*l'oːɡ
讟	*l'oːɡ
殰	*l'oːɡ
讀	*l'oːɡ
櫝	*l'oːɡ
牘	*l'oːɡ
儥	*l'oːɡ
贕	*l'oːɡ
皾	*l'oːɡ
瓄	*l'oːɡ
瀆	*l'oːɡ
豄	*l'oːɡ
韇	*l'oːɡ
嬻	*l'oːɡ
犢	*l'oːɡ
匵	*l'oːɡ
藚	*ljoɡ
襩	*ɦljoɡ
贖	*ɦljoɡ
𧶠	*luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology 1

“To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”.

Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”).

Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dú (du²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дў (dw, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thu̍k

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tug⁶

• Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): tĕ̤k

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tha̍k / tho̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tag⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵doq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dú
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dú
    • Wade–Giles: tu²
    • Yale: dú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
    • Palladius: ду (du)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дў (dw, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk⁶
    • Yale: duhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: tug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰʊk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tĕ̤k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰøyʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha̍k / tho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tha̍k / tho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tak, tok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰak̚⁴/, /tʰɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰak̚²⁴/, /tʰɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰak̚¹²¹/, /tʰɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰak̚⁴/, /tʰɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰak̚⁴/, /tʰɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• tha̍k - vernacular;
• tho̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tag⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰak̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵doq
    • MiniDict: doh^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²doq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doʔ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: duwk

Rime
Character	讀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒谷切
Baxter	duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/duk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	讀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ duwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.lˁok/
English	read (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	讀
Reading #	1/1
No.	16039
Phonetic component	𧶠
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	獨
Old Chinese	/*l'oːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 讀

1. ^† to say aloud; to tell
2. to read (silently); to peruse

   Template:zh-syn

   讀書／读书  ―  dúshū  ―  to read; reading

   閱讀／阅读  ―  yuèdú  ―  to read

   • 這篇文章值得一讀。 [MSC, trad.]
     这篇文章值得一读。 [MSC, simp.]

     Zhè piān wénzhāng zhíde yī dú. [Pinyin]

     This article is worth reading.

3. to read aloud; to read out

   朗讀／朗读  ―  lǎngdú  ―  to read aloud

   有邊讀邊，沒邊讀中間 [MSC, trad.]
   有边读边，没边读中间 [MSC, simp.]

   yǒu biān dú biān, méi biān dú zhōngjiān [Pinyin]

   read the side if any; read the middle part if there is no side

   二讀／二读  ―  èrdú  ―  second reading (of a bill)

4. to study

   讀大學／读大学  ―  dú dàxué  ―  to study at a university

5. to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.)

   Template:zh-syn

   這個字怎麼讀？／这个字怎么读？  ―  Zhège zì zěnme dú?  ―  How do you pronounce this character?

6. pronunciation

   讀音／读音  ―  dúyīn  ―  pronunciation (of characters)

   異讀／异读  ―  yìdú  ―  variant pronunciation

   文讀／文读  ―  wéndú  ―  literary reading

Etymology 2

A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dòu (dou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dau⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tāu / tō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
    • Wade–Giles: tou⁴
    • Yale: dòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
    • Palladius: доу (dou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dau⁶
    • Yale: dauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu / tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tāu / tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dau, do
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tau²²/, /tɔ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁴¹/, /tɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau²²/, /tɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tau³³/, /tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau³³/, /tɔ³³/

Note:

• tāu - vernacular;
• tō͘ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dao⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau¹¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 讀

1. short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause

   句讀／句读  ―  jùdòu  ―  periods and commas, sentences and clauses

Further reading

• “Entry #13262”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	読
Kyūjitai	讀

Kanji

讀

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 読)

1. to read
2. (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma)

Readings

• Go-on: ず (zu)^{←づ (du, historical)}; どく (doku)
• Kan-on: とう (tō); とく (toku)
• Kun: よむ (yomu, 讀む)

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Korean

Hanja

讀 (eumhun 읽을 독 (ilgeul dok))

1. hanja form^? of 독 (“to read”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

讀: Hán Nôm readings: độc, đọc, đậu, đặt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.