非

See also: 韭, 兆, and 北

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

非 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中一尸卜 (LMSY) or 中一卜卜卜 (LMYYY), four-corner 1111₁, composition ⿰⿰三丨⿰丨三(G) or ⿰⿰⿱𠄟㇀丿⿰丨三(HTK) or ⿰⿻⿰𠄟丿㇀⿰丨三(J) or ⿰⿰三丿⿰丨三(V))

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/非
• 俳, 誹 (诽), 陫, 排, 啡, 徘, 猅, 渄, 悱, 婔, 緋 (绯), 琲, 棑, 腓, 裶, 輫, 鯡 (鲱), 馡, 騑, 剕, 䠊, 菲, 暃, 罪, 霏, 奜, 婓, 棐, 猆, 輩 (辈), 斐, 悲, 裴, 蜚, 翡, 餥, 匪, 厞, 屝, 扉, 痱, 毴

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42585
• Dae Jaweon: page 1894, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4086, character 1
• Unihan data for U+975E

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Chinese

trad.		非
simp. #		非

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 非
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
啡	*pʰɯːlʔ
排	*brɯːl
俳	*brɯːl
輫	*brɯːl, *buːl
悲	*prɯl
棑	*breː, *brɯːls
輩	*puːls
裴	*buːl, *bɯl
徘	*buːl
琲	*buːlʔ
痱	*buːlʔ, *pɯds, *bɯl, *bɯls
非	*pɯl
扉	*pɯl
緋	*pɯl
猆	*pɯl
斐	*pɯl, *pʰɯlʔ
馡	*pɯl
騑	*pɯl, *pʰɯl
誹	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ
匪	*pɯlʔ
棐	*pɯlʔ
蜚	*pɯlʔ, *bɯls
篚	*pɯlʔ
榧	*pɯlʔ
鯡	*pɯls
霏	*pʰɯl
菲	*pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔	*pʰɯl
裶	*pʰɯl
悱	*pʰɯlʔ
奜	*pʰɯlʔ
腓	*bɯl, *bɯls
陫	*bɯlʔ
屝	*bɯls
厞	*bɯls
翡	*bɯls

Etymology

非 (OC *pɯj) is the fusion of the negation particle 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) and the copula 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”), attested in oracle bone inscriptions.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēi (fei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fei¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fî
• Eastern Min (BUC): hĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hui

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hui¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹fi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fei
    • Wade–Giles: fei¹
    • Yale: fēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fei
    • Palladius: фэй (fɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fei¹
    • Yale: fēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: féi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fei̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî
    • Hakka Romanization System: fi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui
    • Tâi-lô: hui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hui¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹fi
    • MiniDict: fi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹fi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fi⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: pj+j

Rime
Character	非
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	甫微切
Baxter	pj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/piuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puj/
Li Rong	/piuəi/
Wang Li	/pĭwəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/pwe̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fei1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	非
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēi
Middle Chinese	‹ pjɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*pəj/
English	is not
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	非
Reading #	1/1
No.	3076
Phonetic component	非
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	猆
Old Chinese	/*pɯl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 非

1. not be; is not; not
   • 非常  ―  fēicháng  ―  unusual
   • 非法  ―  fēifǎ  ―  illegal
2. (logic) NOT
3. wrong; incorrect
   • 是非  ―  shìfēi  ―  right and wrong
4. to reproach; to blame
5. (colloquial) Used to insist on something. to have got to; to simply must

   • 不行，我非得走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     Bùxíng, wǒ fēi děi zǒu. [Pinyin]

     No, I must go.

6. Short for 非洲 (Fēizhōu, “Africa”).
7. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡤ (f-)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (非):

• → Japanese: 非(ひ) (hi)
• → Korean: 비(非) (bi)
• → Vietnamese: phi (非)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

非

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
• Kun: それる (soreru); そしる (soshiru, 非る); あらず (arazu, 非ず)

Prefix

非(ひ) • (hi-) 

1. negative prefix: in-, non-, un-

Compounds

• 非情(ひじょう) (hijō): heartlessness
• 非(ひ)常(じょう)口(ぐち) (hijōguchi): emergency exit
• 非常(ひじょう) (hijō): emergency, extraordinary, unusual
• 非難(ひなん) (hinan): criticize, blame, reproach
• 非行(ひこう) (hikō): delinquency, misconduct

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Korean

Hanja

非 • (bi) (hangeul 비, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 非 (phi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.