驂

See also: 骖

驂 U+9A42, 驂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A42 ← 驁 [U+9A41] CJK Unified Ideographs 驃 → [U+9A43]

Translingual

Han character

驂 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+11, 21 strokes, cangjie input 尸火戈戈竹 (SFIIH), four-corner 7332₂, composition ⿰馬參)

1. the two flanking horses of a charioteer's team

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1444, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44965
• Dae Jaweon: page 1968, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4575, character 18
• Unihan data for U+9A42

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Chinese

trad.		驂
simp.		骖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 驂
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
篸	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms
參	*sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum
驂	*sʰluːm
傪	*sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ
慘	*sʰluːmʔ
黲	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ
謲	*sʰluːms
毿	*sluːm
蔘	*sluːm, *srum
犙	*sluːm, *sru, *srɯu
糝	*sluːmʔ
槮	*sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ
鬖	*sloːm
摻	*sruːm, *sruːmʔ
醦	*sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ
縿	*sroːm
穇	*sroːm
嵾	*sʰrum
磣	*sʰrumʔ
墋	*sʰrumʔ
曑	*srum
瘮	*srumʔ
滲	*srums

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cān (can¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cān
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: can
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹
    • Yale: tsān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsan
    • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caam¹
    • Yale: chāam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tshom

Rime
Character	驂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉含切
Baxter	tshom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəm/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-sˤrum/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	驂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cān
Middle Chinese	‹ tshom ›
Old Chinese	/*m-sˁrum/ (should be *s.r̥ˁum)
English	team of three horses
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	驂
Reading #	1/1
No.	1082
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	參
Old Chinese	/*sʰluːm/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 驂

1. (literary) two flanking horses of a charioteer's team

   • 叔于田，乘乘鴇，兩服齊首，兩驂如手。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     叔于田，乘乘鸨，两服齐首，两骖如手。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shū yú tián, chéng chéng bǎo, liǎng fú qí shǒu, liǎng cān rú shǒu. [Pinyin]

     Shu has gone hunting, mounted in his chariot with four grey horses. His two insides have their heads in a line, and the two outsides come after like arms.

2. (literary, generally) horse

   • 葩經一帙誦分明，客駐程驂忽有情。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: Poem by Kim Byeong'yeon (金炳淵), 1800s

     Pagyeong il jil song bunmyeong, gaek ju jeong cham hor yujeong. [Sino-Korean]

     Clear is her recitation of a volume of the Odes; the traveler halts his horse on the road, for suddenly his heart is moved.

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Japanese

Kanji

驂

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: そん (son)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kun: そえうま (soeuma)

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Korean

Hanja

驂 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.