侵

侵 U+4FB5, 侵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FB5 ← 侴 [U+4FB4] CJK Unified Ideographs 侶 → [U+4FB6]

Translingual

Han character

侵 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人尸一水 (OSME), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰亻𠬶)

Derived characters

• 𠸬, 寑, 葠, 䈜, 𩮕, 蘉, 𨃏, 𣷽, 𦺭, 𣋨, 𭁾, 𩤨, 𱆷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 646
• Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 166, character 12
• Unihan data for U+4FB5

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Chinese

trad.		侵
simp. #		侵
2nd round simp.		⿰亻彐
alternative forms		㑴 𢔀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 侵
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j19020 j19021 j19022 j19023 j19024 j19025 j19026 j19027 j19028 j19029 j19030 j19031 j19032 j19033 j19034 j19035 j19036 Bronze inscriptions b12332 Small seal script s05791 Transcribed ancient scripts L33710 L33711 L33712 L33713 L12221 L12222 L12223 L12224 L12225
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (侵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鋟	*ʔsem, *sʰem, *sʰimʔ
綅	*sem, *ʔsim, *sʰim
祲	*ʔsim, *ʔsims
埐	*ʔsim, *zim
梫	*ʔsim, *sʰimʔ, *sʰrim
濅	*ʔsimʔ, *ʔsims
浸	*ʔsims, *sʰim
侵	*sʰim
駸	*sʰim, *sʰrim
寢	*sʰimʔ
寑	*sʰimʔ
薓	*srim

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 帚 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – a person with a broom in hand.

Etymology

Two Sino-Tibetan etymologies are possible:

• Cognate with Tibetan སྟིམ་པ (stim pa, “to enter; to penetrate”), Tibetan ཐིམ་པ (thim pa, “to dissolve; to disappear; absorbed”), though the two terms agree just as well with 浸 (OC *ʔsims, *sʰim) (Schuessler, 2007), or
• From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *syim (“sweep”) (STEDT); cognate with Anong śim (“to sweep”), Lhao Vo śam (“to sweep”), Burmese သိမ်း (sim:, “to gather in; to take possession of”). Note the graph 侵 shows a broom (帚) which may carry a semantic function (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qīn (qin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîm
• Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cim¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cin
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin¹
    • Yale: chīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cam¹
    • Yale: chām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: qim^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim
    • Tâi-lô: tshim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cim¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshim
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰim³³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 侵
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰin²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰin¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/ /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰiə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰin⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰin¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰin³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰin³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰin¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰin³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sim²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɐm⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡seiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sim²³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshim

Rime
Character	侵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七林切
Baxter	tshim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰim/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ][i]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰim/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	侵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīn
Middle Chinese	‹ tshim ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ][i]m/
English	invade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	侵
Reading #	1/1
No.	10484
Phonetic component	侵
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	侵
Old Chinese	/*sʰim/
Notes	甲金文象持帚驅策牛豕以至人， 穀樑傳隱五年：苞人民毆牛馬曰侵

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 侵

1. to gradually go in
2. to invade; to encroach
3. approaching
4. a surname

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Japanese

Shinjitai	侵
Kyūjitai	侵󠄁 侵+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	侵󠄃 侵+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

侵

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to invade
2. to raid
3. to encroach, to trespass
4. to violate

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kun: おかす (okasu, 侵す, Jōyō)

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Korean

Hanja

侵 (eum 침 (chim))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

侵: Hán Nôm readings: xâm, xăm, xơm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation