User:Catonif/common-italian

Italian monosyllable madness cleanup

general objective: bring 'Spoken Italian' on the wikt

• standard italian has some things characteristic only of tuscan, an uncommon to the rest of Italy. I'm trying to add 'Common Italian' to account to the usual form of a word, before only-tuscan shifts, ie:
  • /e/ > /i/ in monosyllables. de is 'common italian' for di, ce for ci etc. etymologies will say "(eg) di: From older de (still found in most varieties of regional italian)"
  • usage of il (< el) instead of lo, and gli/i instead of li
  • loss of initial gemination so /'pju*/ and /'kwa*/ instead of 'common italian' /*'pju*/ and /*'kwa*/, etymologies will say "the original (eg) -cc-, though lost in the standard languague, is still found in most/some varieties of regional italian"
• wide spread innovations' absence
  • uno, una > 'no, 'na
  • la > 'a
  • con, per > co', pe'

Indeterminative articles

• uno: m. sg.
  • name of the number: lemma (invariable)
  • numeral/article: alt of un § numeral/article before impure s, gn, x, z (alt regional: 'no)
  • pronoun: lemma
• un: m. sg.
  • numeral/article: lemma (alt regional: 'n)
  • (literary, poetic) apocoped form of uno § pronoun
• una: f. sg.
  • numeral/article: feminine of un § numeral/article (alt regional: 'na)
  • pronoun: feminine of uno § pronoun
• un': f. sg.
  • numeral/article: alt of una § numeral/article before vowels (alt regional: 'n')
  • !!! never used as a pronoun !!!

Determinative articles

• il: m. sg. (alt regional or archaic: 'l, el; colloquial tuscan pronunciation spelling: i' § article pronounced /i*/)
  • article: lemma (syn regional or archaic: lo)
• lo: m. sg. (regional: 'o)
  • article 1: alt of il before impure s, gn, x, z
  • (regional or archaic) article 2: syn of il (in all contexts); lemma
  • pronoun: lemma
• la: f. sg. (regional: 'a)
  • article: feminine of il (and feminine of il (and feminine of lo § article 2, but w/e it's the same)
  • pronoun: feminine of lo § pronoun
  • misspelling of là
• l'
  • m. sg.
    • article 1: alt of il before vowels (technically alt of il before vowels (technically alt of lo § article 1)
    • pronoun 1: opt alt of lo § pronoun before vowels
  • f. sg.
    • article 2: mandatory alt of la § article before vowels
    • pronoun 2: opt alt of la § pronoun before vowels
  • m. pl.
    • (regional or archaic) article 3: alt of li § article before vowels, spec. /i/
    • pronoun 3: opt alt of li § pronoun before vowels
  • f. pl.
    • (regional or archaic) article 4: alt of le § article before vowels, spec. /e/
    • pronoun 4: opt alt of le § pronoun before vowels
• i: m. pl. (colloquial tuscan pronunciation spelling: ' pronounced /°/, archaic e')
  • article 1: plural of il
  • (nonstandard) article 2: plural of il in all contextes
• ': m. pl.
  • (tuscan) pronounciation spelling of i /°/
• gli: m. pl. (rare alt spelling gl', before /i/)
  • article: plural of lo § article = alt of i § article 1 before impure s, gn, x, z and vowels = plural of il before ... (regional: li, i)
  • !!! for pronoun sense see in pronoun section !!!
• li: m. pl (regional: li: m. pl (regional: i § article 2)
  • (regional) article: plural of il in al contextes, displacing il in al contextes, displacing i § article 1 and gli
  • pronoun: plural of lo § pronoun
  • misspelling of lì
• le: f. pl (regional: 'e)
  • article: plural of la § article = feminine plural of il
  • pronoun: plural of la § pronoun = feminine plural of lo § pronoun

Prepositions

• de
  • (fossil) alt of di before other particles
    • now always spelled univerbed: de lo > dello, de gli > degli, de il > del, except when not possible eg: una scena de "Il servitore di due padroni".
  • (regional) alt of di in all contexts
• co'
  • (tuscan) coi (con i) | /ko°/
  • (regional) con (alt spelling co) | /ko*/
  • alt spelling of co ("head") | /kɔ*/
• pe'
  • (tuscan) pei (per i) | /pe°/
  • (regional) per | /pe*/
• 'n
  • (regional or archaic literary) in
  • (regional) un
  • (regional) non

Pronouns

• io (regional and poetic: io (regional and poetic: i' § pronoun, eo, eo, e' § pronoun 2)
• i'
  • (dated) pronoun: io /i°/
  • (dated) adverb: ivi /i°/
  • (tuscan) article: pronounciation spelling of il | /i*/
• e'
  • (dated) pronoun 1: ei (egli) | /e°/
  • (dated) pronoun 2: eo (io) | /e°/
  • verb: (due to tecnical limitations) è | /ɛ*/
• me pronoun
  • 1: accusative of io | /'me*/
  • 2: alt of mi before other particles | /me/
  • (regional) 3: alt of mi in all contexts | /me/
• te pronoun
  • 1: accusative of tu | /'te*/
  • (regional, tuscan) 2: syn of tu | /'te*/
  • 3: alt of ti before other particles | /te/
  • (regional) 4: alt of ti in all contexts | /te/
• gli (regional: glie)
  • !!! for article sense look in determinate article section !!!
  • pronoun 1: dative of egli
  • (familiar, not proscribed i believe, though not recommended in literary works) pronoun 2: dative of essi = loro
  • (common yet proscribed) pronoun 3: dative of ella
• glie pronoun
  • (now usually fossil) 1: alt of gli § pronoun 1 before other particles (also the proscribred gli § pronoun 2)
    • note: now common practice is to univerb the construction which use this: glie lo is now usually spelled glielo, glie ne > gliene, etc.
  • (regional) alt of gli in all contexts
• lui
  • accusative of egli
  • (now standard) syn of egli in all contexts
• lei
  • accusative of ella
  • (now standard) syn of ella in all contexts
• loro
  • genitive/dative/accusative of essi
  • (now standard) syn of essi in all contexts
• ci (regional: ce)
  • pronoun: dative of noi
  • adverb? (isn't it like a, spatial pronoun?): "here"
• ce
  • pronoun
    • 1: alt of ci before other particles
    • (regional) 2: alt of ci in all contexts
  • adverb
    • 1: alt of ci before other particles
    • (regional) 2: alt of ci in all contexts
  • verb: misspelling of c'è
• vi (regional: ve)
• ve pronoun
  • 1: alt of vi before other particles
  • (regional) 2: alt of vi in all contexts

Initial gemination

• qua, qui, lì, là, così, ciò, chiesa, Dio