baron
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English baroun, from Old French baron, Medieval Latin barō, from Frankish *barō (“servant, man, warrior”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *barô (“carrier, bearer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with Old High German baro (“human being, man, freeman”), Old English bora (“a man who bears responsibility, one who is in charge, a ruler”), and perhaps to Old English beorn (“man, warrior”). Used in early Germanic law in the sense of "man, human being".
A Celtic origin has also been suggested, due to the occurrence of a Latin barones (“military official”) as early as the first century (Cornutus, On Persius' Fifth Satire). However, the OED takes this hypothetical Proto-Celtic *bar- (“hero”) to be a figment.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbæɹən/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) enPR: bă'rən
- (Mary–marry–merry distinction) IPA(key): /ˈbæɹən/
- (Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA(key): /ˈbɛəɹən/
- Rhymes: -æɹən
- Homophone: barren
Noun[edit]
baron (plural barons, feminine baroness)
- The male ruler of a barony.
- A male member of the lowest rank of English nobility (the equivalent rank in Scotland is lord).
- (by extension) A person of great power in society, especially in business and politics.
- Synonyms: magnate, tycoon; see also Thesaurus:important person
- c. 1948, George Orwell, Such, Such Were the Joys:
- There were a few exotics among them — some South American boys, sons of Argentine beef barons, one or two Russians, and even a Siamese prince, or someone who was described as a prince.
- 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist[1], volume 408, number 8848:
- British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
- (UK, prison slang) A prisoner who gains power and influence by lending or selling goods such as tobacco.
- 1960, Hugh J. Klare, Anatomy of Prison, page 33:
- The first thing a baron does is to accumulate a supply of tobacco. He spends every penny he can earn on laying it in […]
- 1961, Peter Baker, Time out of life, page 51:
- Nevertheless, from my own agonies of the first few months, after which I did not miss smoking at all, I could appreciate the need of others. It was in this atmosphere of craving that the 'barons' thrived. Barons are prisoners who lend tobacco.
- 1980, Leonard Michaels, Christopher Ricks, The State of the Language, page 525:
- In British prisons tobacco still remains the gold standard which is made to back every transaction and promise. The official allowance is barely sufficient for individual smoking needs, but tobacco may expensively be borrowed or bought from a baron, possibly through his runner.
- A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.
- 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 34”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
- Such portentous appetites had Queequeg and Tashtego, that to fill out the vacancies made by the previous repast, often the pale Dough-Boy was fain to bring on a great baron of salt-junk, seemingly quarried out of the solid ox.
- Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euthalia.
- (law, obsolete) A husband.
- Coordinate term: wife
- baron and feme ― husband and wife
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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References[edit]
- "baron n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989; first published in New English Dictionary, 1885.
Anagrams[edit]
Azerbaijani[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)
Declension[edit]
Declension of baron | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | baron |
baronlar | ||||||
definite accusative | baronu |
baronları | ||||||
dative | barona |
baronlara | ||||||
locative | baronda |
baronlarda | ||||||
ablative | barondan |
baronlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | baronun |
baronların |
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Readjustment from earlier baroen through modern French influence, from Middle Dutch baroen, from Old French baron, from Frankish *barō.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron m (plural baronnen, diminutive baronnetje n, feminine barones)
- baron, a specific aristocratic title
- a magnate, especially a wealthy and influential (industrial) entrepreneur
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Esperanto[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron
- accusative singular of baro
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Middle French baron, from Old French baron, from or corresponding to Late Latin or Medieval Latin barōnem, possibly from Frankish *baro (“freeman”) or of other Germanic origin; alternatively, of ultimately Celtic origin.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron m (plural barons, feminine baronne)
Descendants[edit]
- → Arabic: بارون (bārōn)
- → Azerbaijani: baron
- → Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)
- Turkish: baron
- → Persian: بارون (bâron)
- → Russian: баро́н (barón)
- → Uzbek: baron
Further reading[edit]
- “baron”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Indonesian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Dutch baron, from Middle Dutch baroen, from Old French baron, from Frankish *barō.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron (first-person possessive baronku, second-person possessive baronmu, third-person possessive baronnya)
- baron: the male ruler of a barony; a title for European noblemen.
Further reading[edit]
- “baron” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese[edit]
Romanization[edit]
baron
- Romanization of ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Adjective[edit]
baron
- Alternative form of bareyne
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron
- Alternative form of baroun
Middle French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French baron.
Noun[edit]
baron m (plural barons)
- baron (nobleman)
Descendants[edit]
- French: baron
Norman[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron m (plural barons)
- Alternative form of bâron
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron, from Frankish *barō.
Noun[edit]
baron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baroner, definite plural baronene)
- a baron
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “baron” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron, from Frankish *barō.
Noun[edit]
baron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baronar, definite plural baronane)
- a baron
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “baron” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Verb[edit]
baron
Inflection[edit]
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “baron”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From or corresponding to Late Latin bārō, possibly from Frankish *barō (“freeman”) or of other Germanic origin; alternatively, ultimately of Celtic origin. The nominative form ber corresponds to the nominative barō.
Noun[edit]
baron oblique singular, m (oblique plural barons, nominative singular ber, nominative plural baron)
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Middle French: barom
- Norman: bâron
- Picard: barôn
- Walloon: baron
- → Middle Armenian: պարոն (paron)
- Armenian: պարոն (paron)
- → Middle English: baroun, baron, barone, baroon, barown, barowne, barun, beron
- → Middle Low German: barōn
- → Middle Dutch: baroen
- Dutch: baron (readjustment)
- → Middle High German: barūn, barōne
- German: Baron (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Norse: barún
- → Middle Irish: barún
- Irish: barún
Old Galician-Portuguese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Late Latin bā̆rō, further origin uncertain, but likely from Proto-Germanic.
Noun[edit]
baron m (plural barões)
- man (adult male human)
- Synonym: home
- 13th c, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros Municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, page 699:
- aquel pecado escumungado que fazen os barones unos con outros
- that excommunicated sin that men do with one another
- c. 1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 814:
- ca esta (he) muy boa et nobre rreyna dona Berĩguela co[m] tamana aguça gardou sempre este fillo et llj meteu no curaçõ feyto de obras de piedade de ome barõ, mãçebo et nino, et todo linagẽ de omes -esto he barõ et moller-
- because this very noble and excellent queen, Lady Berenguela, with great care protected her son and put in his heart acts of piety of adult man, young man and boy, and of all the lineage of men - that is, man and woman -
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “baron” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “baron” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from French baron, from Middle French baron, from Old French baron, from or corresponding to Late Latin or Medieval Latin barō, barōnem, probably ultimately of Proto-Germanic origin.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron m pers (diminutive baronek, feminine baronessa)
- (historical) baron, lord (the male ruler of a barony)
Noun[edit]
baron m pers
- (figuratively) baron, lord (a person of great power in society, especially in business and politics)
- Synonym: potentat
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- baron in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- baron in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron m (plural baroni)
Declension[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Derived from Old French baron.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
bàrōn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̀ро̄н)
- baron (title of nobility)
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Old French baron.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Noun[edit]
baron c (feminine: baronessa)
Declension[edit]
Declension of baron | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | baron | baronen | baroner | baronerna |
Genitive | barons | baronens | baroners | baronernas |
Further reading[edit]
- baron in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
- baron in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Anagrams[edit]
Tagalog[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
barón
- baron (title of nobility)
Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بارون (baron), from French baron[1].
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)
Declension[edit]
Inflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “baron”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading[edit]
- baron in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “baron”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 472
Uzbek[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
baron (plural baronlar)
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | baron | baronlar |
genitive | baronning | baronlarning |
dative | baronga | baronlarga |
definite accusative | baronni | baronlarni |
locative | baronda | baronlarda |
ablative | barondan | baronlardan |
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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- Rhymes:English/æɹən
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- en:Law
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