caer

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See also: Caer

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Welsh caer

Noun[edit]

caer (plural caers)

  1. A Welsh fortress.
    • 1892, Grant Allen, Science in Arcady, page 295:
      […] a good many relics of the old Welsh Caers still bespeak the incompleteness of the early Teutonic conquest.

Alternative forms[edit]

Asturian[edit]

Verb[edit]

caer

  1. Alternative form of cayer

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese caer, from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Spanish caer, French choir.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

caer (first-person singular present caio, first-person singular preterite caín, past participle caído)

  1. (intransitive) to fall, fall off, fall down
  2. (of a time) to fall on; to occur
  3. to fall; to decline; to collapse
  4. to fall; to die in battle

Conjugation[edit]

  • Note: ca- are changed to cai- before back vowels (a, o).
Conjugation of caer
singular plural
person first second third first second third
Infinitive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal caer
personal caer caeres caer caermos caerdes caeren
Gerund
caendo
Past participle singular plural
masculine caído caídos
feminine caída caídas
Indicative eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present caio caes cae caemos caedes caen
imperfect caía caías caía caïamos caïades caían
preterite caín caíches caeu caemos caestes caeron
pluperfect caera caeras caera caeramos caerades caeran
future caerei caerás caerá caeremos caeredes caerán
conditional caería caerías caería caeriamos caeriades caerían
Subjunctive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present caia caias caia caiamos caiades caian
preterite caese caeses caese caésemos caésedes caesen
future caer caeres caer caermos caerdes caeren
Imperative – ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative – cae caia caiamos caede caian
negative – caias caia caiamos caiades caian

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “caer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “caer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “caer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Galician caer, French choir.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /kaˈeɾ/ [kaˈeɾ]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: ca‧er

Verb[edit]

caer (first-person singular present caigo, first-person singular preterite caí, past participle caído)

  1. (intransitive, reflexive) to fall (to move to a lower position due to gravity)
  2. (intransitive) to fall (to come down, to drop, to descend)
    La lluvia cae más fuerte que antes.
    The rain is falling heavier than before.
  3. (intransitive, reflexive) to fall down, to collapse (to fall to the ground)
  4. (intransitive, reflexive) to fall out (to come out of something by falling)
    El pelo dañado puede caerse.
    Damaged hair can fall out.
  5. (intransitive) to fall into, to fall for; to be ensnared by
    caer en la trampa ― to fall into the trap
  6. (intransitive) to fall into (to enter a negative state)
  7. (intransitive) to fall, to collapse (to be overthrown or defeated)
    El imperio romano cayó poco a poco.
    The Roman Empire fell little by little.
  8. (intransitive) to get (to understand)
    No caigo. ― I don't get it.
  9. (intransitive) to be granted or awarded
    Le cayó una multa.
    She got fined.
  10. (intransitive) to fall under (to belong to for purposes of categorization)
  11. (intransitive) to fall on (to occur on a particular day)

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of caer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive caer
gerund cayendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular caído caída
plural caídos caídas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present caigo caestú
caésvos 		cae caemos caéis caen
imperfect caía caías caía caíamos caíais caían
preterite caí caíste cayó caímos caísteis cayeron
future caeré caerás caerá caeremos caeréis caerán
conditional caería caerías caería caeríamos caeríais caerían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present caiga caigastú
caigásvos2 		caiga caigamos caigáis caigan
imperfect
(ra) 		cayera cayeras cayera cayéramos cayerais cayeran
imperfect
(se) 		cayese cayeses cayese cayésemos cayeseis cayesen
future1 cayere cayeres cayere cayéremos cayereis cayeren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative caetú
caévos 		caiga caigamos caed caigan
negative no caigas no caiga no caigamos no caigáis no caigan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of caer (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive caer
dative caerme caerte caerle, caerse caernos caeros caerles, caerse
accusative caerme caerte caerlo, caerla, caerse caernos caeros caerlos, caerlas, caerse
with gerund cayendo
dative cayéndome cayéndote cayéndole, cayéndose cayéndonos cayéndoos cayéndoles, cayéndose
accusative cayéndome cayéndote cayéndolo, cayéndola, cayéndose cayéndonos cayéndoos cayéndolos, cayéndolas, cayéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cae
dative cáeme cáete cáele cáenos not used cáeles
accusative cáeme cáete cáelo, cáela cáenos not used cáelos, cáelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative caé
dative caeme caete caele caenos not used caeles
accusative caeme caete caelo, caela caenos not used caelos, caelas
with formal second-person singular imperative caiga
dative cáigame not used cáigale, cáigase cáiganos not used cáigales
accusative cáigame not used cáigalo, cáigala, cáigase cáiganos not used cáigalos, cáigalas
with first-person plural imperative caigamos
dative not used caigámoste caigámosle caigámonos caigámoos caigámosles
accusative not used caigámoste caigámoslo, caigámosla caigámonos caigámoos caigámoslos, caigámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative caed
dative caedme not used caedle caednos caeos caedles
accusative caedme not used caedlo, caedla caednos caeos caedlos, caedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative caigan
dative cáiganme not used cáiganle cáigannos not used cáiganles, cáiganse
accusative cáiganme not used cáiganlo, cáiganla cáigannos not used cáiganlos, cáiganlas, cáiganse
    Conjugation of caerse (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive caerse
gerund cayéndose
past participle masculine feminine
singular caído caída
plural caídos caídas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
personal non-finite yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
infinitive caerme caerte caerse caernos caeros caerse
gerund cayéndome cayéndote cayéndose cayéndonos cayéndoos cayéndose
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present me caigo te caestú
te caésvos 		se cae nos caemos os caéis se caen
imperfect me caía te caías se caía nos caíamos os caíais se caían
preterite me caí te caíste se cayó nos caímos os caísteis se cayeron
future me caeré te caerás se caerá nos caeremos os caeréis se caerán
conditional me caería te caerías se caería nos caeríamos os caeríais se caerían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present me caiga te caigastú
te caigásvos2 		se caiga nos caigamos os caigáis se caigan
imperfect
(ra) 		me cayera te cayeras se cayera nos cayéramos os cayerais se cayeran
imperfect
(se) 		me cayese te cayeses se cayese nos cayésemos os cayeseis se cayesen
future1 me cayere te cayeres se cayere nos cayéremos os cayereis se cayeren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative cáetetú
caetevos 		cáigase caigámonos caeos cáiganse
negative no te caigas no se caiga no nos caigamos no os caigáis no se caigan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Welsh caer, from Old Welsh cair, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”).

See also Cornish ker (“fort”), Breton kêr (“town, city”)). Related to cae (“field”).

Noun[edit]

caer f (plural caerau or caeroedd or ceyrydd)

  1. fort, fortress, enclosed stronghold, castle, fortress, citadel, fortified town or city
  2. wall, rampart, bulwark
  3. twill
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms[edit]

Verb[edit]

caer

  1. (literary) impersonal imperative of cael

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
caer gaer nghaer chaer
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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