chuma

Bondei

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

1. iron

Chichewa

Etymology

A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃu.má/

Noun

chumá class 7

1. wealth

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈxumˠə/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈxɞmˠə/, /ˈxomˠə/, /ˈxumˠə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈxɞmˠə/

Noun

chuma

1. lenited form of cuma

Adjective

chuma

1. lenited form of cuma

Meru

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

1. iron

Mwani

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma class 7 (plural vyuma)

1. iron
2. ironware

Shona

Etymology

A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).

Noun

chumá class 7

1. bead(s)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃuma/ [ˈt͡ʃu.ma]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: chu‧ma

Adjective

chuma f sg

1. feminine singular of chumo

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Chemical element (edit)
Fe Atomic number 26 chuma
Classification data Period 4 Group 8 Block d-block Class transition metal
Previous: ← manganisi, manganizi (Mn)
Next: kobalti (Co) →

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀jʊ́mà.

Noun

chuma class VII (plural vyuma class VIII)

1. iron

   Synonym: hadidi

2. ironware (something made of iron)
3. (slang) girlfriend

Descendants

• → Kikuyu: cuma

References

• Klein-Arendt, Reinhard (2000), “The Iron Crafts of the Swahili from the Perspective of Historical Semantics”, in Swahili Forum‎^[1], volume 7, pages 153–204

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-cuma, from Common Bantu *-cʊ̀(ʊ)ma (“to buy food”). Cognate with Giryama -tsuma (“to trade”) and Kipfokomo -tsuma .

Verb

-chuma (infinitive kuchuma)

1. to gather, collect
2. to earn, make money

Conjugation

Conjugation of -chuma
Positive present -nachuma Subjunctive -chume Negative -chumi Imperative singular chuma
Infinitives
Positive kuchuma Negative kutochuma
Imperatives
Singular chuma Plural chumeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huchuma Positive past positive subject concord + -lichuma Negative past negative subject concord + -kuchuma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachuma) Singular Plural 1st person ninachuma/nachuma tunachuma 2nd person unachuma mnachuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anachuma wanachuma other classes positive subject concord + -nachuma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -chumi) Singular Plural 1st person sichumi hatuchumi 2nd person huchumi hamchumi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachumi hawachumi other classes negative subject concord + -chumi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tachuma Negative future negative subject concord + -tachuma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chume) Singular Plural 1st person nichume tuchume 2nd person uchume mchume 3rd person m-wa(I/II) achume wachume other classes positive subject concord + -chume
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sichume Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngechuma Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singechuma Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalichuma Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalichuma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achuma) Singular Plural 1st person nachuma twachuma 2nd person wachuma mwachuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) achuma wachuma m-mi(III/IV) wachuma yachuma ji-ma(V/VI) lachuma yachuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) chachuma vyachuma n(IX/X) yachuma zachuma u(XI) wachuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwachuma pa(XVI) pachuma mu(XVIII) mwachuma
Perfect positive subject concord + -mechuma "Already" positive subject concord + -meshachuma "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jachuma "If/When" positive subject concord + -kichuma "If not" positive subject concord + -sipochuma Consecutive kachuma / positive subject concord + -kachuma Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kachume
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nichuma -tuchuma 2nd person -kuchuma -wachuma/-kuchumeni/-wachumeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mchuma -wachuma m-mi(III/IV) -uchuma -ichuma ji-ma(V/VI) -lichuma -yachuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kichuma -vichuma n(IX/X) -ichuma -zichuma u(XI) -uchuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuchuma pa(XVI) -pachuma mu(XVIII) -muchuma Reflexive -jichuma
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chuma- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -chumaye -chumao m-mi(III/IV) -chumao -chumayo ji-ma(V/VI) -chumalo -chumayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chumacho -chumavyo n(IX/X) -chumayo -chumazo u(XI) -chumao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -chumako pa(XVI) -chumapo mu(XVIII) -chumamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chuma) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yechuma -ochuma m-mi(III/IV) -ochuma -yochuma ji-ma(V/VI) -lochuma -yochuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chochuma -vyochuma n(IX/X) -yochuma -zochuma u(XI) -ochuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kochuma pa(XVI) -pochuma mu(XVIII) -mochuma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -chumia

• Nominal derivations:
  • mchumi (“economist”)
  • uchumi (“economy; economics”)

Xhosa

Verb

-chuma^?

1. flourish

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zimba

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

1. iron (chemical element)