topar

Catalan

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /toˈpa/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /tuˈpa/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /toˈpaɾ/
• Homophones: topà, tupà, tupar
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

topar (first-person singular present topo, past participle topat)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to crash
2. to run into, to come across
   • 2019 August 11, Gemma Sardà, “El meu veí el músic”, in La Vanguardia‎^[1]:

     A la ciutat podem passar anys i panys sense intercanviar ni mitja paraula amb qui topem dia per altre.

     In the city we can go ages without exchanging even half a word with those we run into every other day.

Conjugation

Conjugation of topar (first conjugation)

infinitive			topar
present participle			topant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		topat		topada
		plural		topats		topades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	topo	topes	topa	topem	topeu	topen
	imperfect	topava	topaves	topava	topàvem	topàveu	topaven
	future	toparé	toparàs	toparà	toparem	topareu	toparan
	preterite	topí	topares	topà	topàrem	topàreu	toparen
	conditional	toparia	toparies	toparia	toparíem	toparíeu	toparien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	topi	topis	topi	topem	topeu	topin
	imperfect	topés	topessis	topés	topéssim	topéssiu	topessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
		—	topa	topi	topem	topeu	topin

Derived terms

• retopar
• topada
• topadís
• topall
• topament
• topants

Further reading

• “topar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “topar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “topar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “topar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Anagrams

• àtrop, optar, parot, partó, patró, porat, porta, portà, potra, tarpó, tropa

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toˈpaɾ/

Verb

topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topei, past participle topado)

1. Alternative form of atopar

Conjugation

Conjugation of topar

	singular			plural
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
Infinitive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal	topar
personal	topar	topares	topar	toparmos	topardes	toparen
Gerund
	topando
Past participle	singular			plural
masculine	topado			topados
feminine	topada			topadas
Indicative	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	topo	topas	topa	topamos	topades	topan
imperfect	topaba	topabas	topaba	topabamos	topabades	topaban
preterite	topei	topaches	topou	topamos	topastes	toparon
pluperfect	topara	toparas	topara	toparamos	toparades	toparan
future	toparei	toparás	topará	toparemos	toparedes	toparán
conditional	toparía	toparías	toparía	topariamos	topariades	toparían
Subjunctive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	tope	topes	tope	topemos	topedes	topen
preterite	topase	topases	topase	topásemos	topásedes	topasen
future	topar	topares	topar	toparmos	topardes	toparen
Imperative	–	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative	–	topa	tope	topemos	topade	topen
negative	–	topes	tope	topemos	topedes	topen

Ladino

Verb

topar (Latin spelling)

1. to find
2. (reflexive) to be found, to be located
   • 2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom‎^[2]:

     La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.

     The Jewish district is located in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.

   Synonym: (Monastir) iscuntrar

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *to-od-bur, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”). However, compare inbhir (“mouth of a river”). Synonymous with tipra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtobar/

Noun

topar m

1. well
2. spring

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	topar	toparL	topairL
Vocative	topair	toparL	topruH
Accusative	toparN	toparL	topruH
Genitive	topairL	topar	toparN
Dative	toparL	topraib	topraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• toparach

Descendants

• Irish: tobar
• Scottish Gaelic: tobar

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
topar	thopar	topar pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Portuguese

Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Compare Spanish topar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /toˈpa(ʁ)/ [toˈpa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /toˈpa(ʁ)/ [toˈpa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /toˈpa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /toˈpa(ʁ)/ [toˈpa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /toˈpa(ɻ)/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tuˈpaɾ/

• Hyphenation: to‧par

Verb

topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topei, past participle topado)

1. (transitive) to come across, encounter

   Synonyms: achar, encontrar

2. (transitive, colloquial, Portugal) to understand

   Synonym: perceber

3. (transitive, colloquial, Brazil) to accept (an invitation, a challenge etc.)

   Synonym: aceitar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of topar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	topar
Personal	topar	topares	topar	toparmos	topardes	toparem
Gerund
	topando
Past participle
Masculine	topado			topados
Feminine	topada			topadas
Indicative
Present	topo	topas	topa	topamos	topais	topam
Imperfect	topava	topavas	topava	topávamos	topáveis	topavam
Preterite	topei	topaste	topou	topamos1, topámos2	topastes	toparam
Pluperfect	topara	toparas	topara	topáramos	topáreis	toparam
Future	toparei	toparás	topará	toparemos	topareis	toparão
Conditional
	toparia	toparias	toparia	toparíamos	toparíeis	topariam
Subjunctive
Present	tope	topes	tope	topemos	topeis	topem
Imperfect	topasse	topasses	topasse	topássemos	topásseis	topassem
Future	topar	topares	topar	toparmos	topardes	toparem
Imperative
Affirmative		topa	tope	topemos	topai	topem
Negative (não)		não topes	não tope	não topemos	não topeis	não topem

¹Brazil.
²Portugal.

Anagrams

• optar, parto, porta, potra, prato, rapto, trapo, tropa

Spanish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic, imitative of the sound made by two objects knocking into one another.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toˈpaɾ/ [t̪oˈpaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: to‧par

Verb

topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topé, past participle topado)

1. (transitive) to come across, encounter

   Synonyms: encontrar, hallar

2. (transitive) to knock against, hit, strike, touch

   Synonyms: chocar, tocar

3. (transitive, colloquial, Mexico, El Salvador) to finish (a videogame)

   ¿Ya topaste el nuevo juego que compraste?

   Did you already finish the new game you bought?

Conjugation

    Conjugation of topar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			topar
gerund			topando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		topado		topada
		plural		topados		topadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	topo	topastú topásvos	topa	topamos	topáis	topan
	imperfect	topaba	topabas	topaba	topábamos	topabais	topaban
	preterite	topé	topaste	topó	topamos	topasteis	toparon
	future	toparé	toparás	topará	toparemos	toparéis	toparán
	conditional	toparía	toparías	toparía	toparíamos	toparíais	toparían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tope	topestú topésvos2	tope	topemos	topéis	topen
	imperfect (ra)	topara	toparas	topara	topáramos	toparais	toparan
	imperfect (se)	topase	topases	topase	topásemos	topaseis	topasen
	future1	topare	topares	topare	topáremos	topareis	toparen
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		topatú topávos	tope	topemos	topad	topen
	negative		no topes	no tope	no topemos	no topéis	no topen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of topar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive topar
	dative	toparme	toparte	toparle, toparse	toparnos	toparos	toparles, toparse
	accusative	toparme	toparte	toparlo, toparla, toparse	toparnos	toparos	toparlos, toparlas, toparse
with gerund topando
	dative	topándome	topándote	topándole, topándose	topándonos	topándoos	topándoles, topándose
	accusative	topándome	topándote	topándolo, topándola, topándose	topándonos	topándoos	topándolos, topándolas, topándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative topa
	dative	tópame	tópate	tópale	tópanos	not used	tópales
	accusative	tópame	tópate	tópalo, tópala	tópanos	not used	tópalos, tópalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative topá
	dative	topame	topate	topale	topanos	not used	topales
	accusative	topame	topate	topalo, topala	topanos	not used	topalos, topalas
with formal second-person singular imperative tope
	dative	tópeme	not used	tópele, tópese	tópenos	not used	tópeles
	accusative	tópeme	not used	tópelo, tópela, tópese	tópenos	not used	tópelos, tópelas
with first-person plural imperative topemos
	dative	not used	topémoste	topémosle	topémonos	topémoos	topémosles
	accusative	not used	topémoste	topémoslo, topémosla	topémonos	topémoos	topémoslos, topémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative topad
	dative	topadme	not used	topadle	topadnos	topaos	topadles
	accusative	topadme	not used	topadlo, topadla	topadnos	topaos	topadlos, topadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative topen
	dative	tópenme	not used	tópenle	tópennos	not used	tópenles, tópense
	accusative	tópenme	not used	tópenlo, tópenla	tópennos	not used	tópenlos, tópenlas, tópense

Derived terms

• toparse con

 

Further reading

• “topar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Venetian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

topar

1. (transitive) to fall

Conjugation

• Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of topar (first conjugation)

infinitive	topar
auxiliary verb		èser	gerund		topando
past participle		topà
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	topo	(te) topi	(el/ła) topa	topémo, topòn	topé	(i/łe) topa
imperfect	topava	(te) topavi	(el/ła) topava	topàvimo	topavi	(i/łe) topava
future	toparò	(te) toparè	(el/ła) toparà	toparémo	toparè	(i/łe) toparà
conditional	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	toparìa	(te) toparisi	(el/ła) toparìa	toparìsimo	toparisi	(i/łe) toparìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	tope, topa	(te) topi	(el/ła) tope, (el/ła) topa	topémo, topone	topé	(i/łe) tope, (i/łe) topa
imperfect	topase	(te) topasi	(el/ła) topase	topàsimo	topasi	(i/łe) topase
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
	—	(te) topa	(el/ła) topa, (el/ła) tope	topémo	topé	(i/łe) topa, (i/łe) tope