父母

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Chinese

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father female; mother
simp. and trad.
(父母) 		父 母

Etymology 1

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Dvandva of 父 (fù, “father”) + 母 (mǔ, “mother”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 父 母
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 扶雨切 莫厚切
Baxter bjuX muwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨoX/ /məuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bioX/ /məuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bioX/ /məuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buə̆X/ /məwX/
Li
Rong 		/bioX/ /muX/
Wang
Li 		/bĭuX/ /məuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯uX/ /mə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fù mǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fu6 mau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 父 母
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù mǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuX › ‹ muwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[N-p](r)aʔ/ /*məʔ/ (? or *mˁoʔ)
English father mother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 父 母
Reading # 2/2 1/1
No. 3504 9288
Phonetic
component 		父 母
Rime
group 		魚 之
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		父 母
Old
Chinese 		/*baʔ/ /*mɯʔ/

Noun

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父母

  1. parents; mother and father; mum and dad
    生身父母  ―  shēngshēn fùmǔ  ―  biological parents
    父母恩情比天大。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Fùmǔ ēnqíng bǐ tiān dà. [Pinyin]
    Parental affection knows no bounds.
    我父母三年前分居了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ fùmǔ sān nián qián fēnjū le. [Pinyin]
    My parents separated three years ago.
    為什麼我的父母從來不為我考慮？ [MSC, trad.]
    为什么我的父母从来不为我考虑？ [MSC, simp.]
    Wèishénme wǒ de fùmǔ cónglái bù wèi wǒ kǎolǜ? [Pinyin]
    Why don't mum and dad ever take me into consideration?
    子女忤逆不孝實在令父母寒心。 [MSC, trad.]
    子女忤逆不孝实在令父母寒心。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zǐnǚ wǔnì bùxiào shízài lìng fùmǔ hánxīn. [Pinyin]
    Wayward children who are unfilial are a disappointment to their parents.
  2. Short for 父母官 (fùmǔguān).
Synonyms
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  • (parents): (polite, non-face-to-face term of address) 老人家 (lǎorenjia)
Dialectal synonyms of 父母 (“father and mother; parents”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 父母, 爺娘, 怙恃, 雙親
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 父母, 雙親, 父母親
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 爹媽, 老家兒
Taiwan 爸媽
Singapore 爸媽, 家長
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 老的兒, 爹媽
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 老兒的
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 媽爸
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 娘老子
Lanzhou 娘老子, 老漢們
Ürümqi 娘老子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 娘老子, 媽老漢兒
Chongqing 媽老漢兒
Wuhan 娘老子, 兩老
Liuzhou 娘老子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 娘老子
Yangzhou 娘老子
Nantong 爺娘
Cantonese Guangzhou 老豆老母
Hong Kong 老豆老母, 爹哋媽咪, 阿爸阿媽
Yangjiang 老子阿奶
Gan Nanchang 爺娘
Pingxiang 娘爺
Hakka Meixian 爺哀
Xingning 爺哀
Huidong (Daling) 阿爸阿姆
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿姆阿爸
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 爺哀
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿爸阿姆
Liannan 爺哀
Jiexi 爺哀
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 爺哀
Changting 爹哀, 爺哀
Wuping 爺哀
Wuping (Yanqian) 爺哀
Wuping (Pingyu) 爺哀
Ninghua 爹母
Ningdu 爹姐
Ruijin 哀爹, 爺娘, 爺哀
Shicheng 爹哀
Shangyou (Shexi) 爺姐
Tonggu (Sandu) 娘爺
Ganzhou (Panlong) 爺姐
Dayu 爺佬姐佬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 爺哀, 爺母, 兩老
Hong Kong 阿爸阿姆
Yangxi (Tangkou) 老子阿奶
Yangchun (Sanjia) 父母
Xinyi (Sihe) 爺哀
Xinyi (Qianpai) 爺哀
Gaozhou (Xindong) 爸媽
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 父母親
Huazhou (Xin'an) 爺哀
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 爺哀, 爸哀
Lianjiang (Qingping) 爸哀
Luchuan 爸媽
Huizhou Jixi 娘老子, 老子娘, 老子爺娘
Jin Taiyuan 爹娘
Xinzhou 老子娘
Northern Min Jian'ou 爹奶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 爸奶
Matsu 爸奶
Southern Min Xiamen 爸母, 老爸母
Quanzhou 爸母, 老爸母
Jinjiang 爸母
Zhangzhou 爸母, 老爸母
Zhao'an 爸母
Taipei 爸母
New Taipei (Sanxia) 爸母
Kaohsiung 爸母
Yilan 爸母
Changhua (Lukang) 爸母
Taichung 爸母
Tainan 爸母
Hsinchu 爸母
Kinmen 爸母
Penghu (Magong) 爸母
Penang (Hokkien) 爸母
Singapore (Hokkien) 爸母
Manila (Hokkien) 爸母
Chaozhou 父嬡, 爸母
Jieyang 父嬡
Singapore (Teochew) 爸母
Wu Shanghai 爺娘
Suzhou 爺娘
Danyang 娘啊老子, 爺娘 rare
Hangzhou 娘老子
Ningbo 爹娘
Wenzhou 奶阿伯, 阿伯奶
Xiang Changsha 爺娘
Shuangfeng 爺娘
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 父母 – see 爸母 (“father and mother; parents”).
(This term is a variant form of 爸母).

Further reading

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
父 母
ふ
Grade: 2 		ぼ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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父(ふ)母(ぼ) • (fubo) : lit. "father-mother"

  1. parents; father and mother

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
父母

Noun

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父母 • (bumo) (hangeul 부모)

  1. hanja form? of 부모 (“parent, parents”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
父母

Noun

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父母

  1. chữ Hán form of phụ mẫu (“parents”).
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