陷
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See also: 陥
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]陷 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中弓竹難 (NLNHX), four-corner 77277, composition ⿰阝臽)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41707
- Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4140, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9677
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
陷 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 陷 |
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Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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萏 | *l'oːmʔ |
窞 | *l'oːmʔ |
惂 | *kʰloːmʔ |
輡 | *kʰloːmʔ |
錎 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
埳 | *kʰloːmʔ |
臽 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
淊 | *ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ |
欿 | *ɡloːmʔ |
蜭 | *ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms |
啗 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
鵮 | *ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms |
餡 | *ɡroːms |
陷 | *ɡroːms |
爓 | *ljom, *loms |
諂 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
讇 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
閻 | *lom |
焰 | *loms |
壛 | *lom |
櫩 | *lom |
燄 | *lomʔ |
掐 | *kʰroːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡroːms) and ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 阜 (“row of hills”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms, “person falling into trap”).
Originally written 臽.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han4 / xian4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): han5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie3 / han3
- Northern Min (KCR): hāng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hâng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yi; 6ghe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han4 / han5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
- Wade–Giles: hsien4
- Yale: syàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: han4 / xian4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan / xian
- Sinological IPA (key): /xan²¹³/, /ɕiɛn²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ham6 / haam6
- Yale: hahm / haahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: ham6 / haam6
- Guangdong Romanization: hem6 / ham6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐm²²/, /haːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ham5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ham³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: han5
- Sinological IPA (key): /han¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ham
- Hakka Romanization System: ham
- Hagfa Pinyim: ham4
- Sinological IPA: /ham⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie3 / han3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie⁴⁵/, /xæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
Note:
- xie3 - literary;
- han3 - vernacular.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Note:
- 3hhi - literary;
- 3hhe - vernacular.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: han4 / han5
- Sinological IPA (key): /xan⁴⁵/, /xan²¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 陷 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ɕian⁵³/ /ɕyan⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiã²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕian³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕiã⁵³/ | |
Xining | /ɕiã²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕian¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕian²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕiɛn³⁵/ ~害 /xan⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /xan¹³/ /ɕian¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕian²¹³/ /xan²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕien⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie⁴⁵/ 下~ /xæ̃⁴⁵/ ~在泥裡 |
Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕie⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɪ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɦa²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕie²²/ /xɛ²²/ |
Tunxi | /siɛ⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xan⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /han⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /han²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ham⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /hɑm⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ham²²/ |
Nanning | /ham²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɐm²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ham³¹/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ham³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: heamH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤromʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡroːms/
Definitions
[edit]陷
- to submerge; to sink; to plunge
- to be captured
- to breach; to break through; to make a breakthrough
- trap (device designed to catch animals)
- to frame; to entrap; to set up; to bring up someone on false charges
- to sink
- fault; defect; drawback
Synonyms
[edit]- (to breach):
- (trap): 陷阱 (xiànjǐng)
- (to frame):
- (fault):
Compounds
[edit]- 下陷 (xiàxiàn)
- 傾陷/倾陷
- 先天缺陷 (xiāntiān quēxiàn)
- 凹陷 (āoxiàn)
- 地層下陷/地层下陷
- 地盤下陷/地盘下陷
- 地陷 (dìxiàn)
- 坑陷
- 塌陷 (tāxiàn)
- 天塌地陷
- 失陷 (shīxiàn)
- 山崩地陷
- 崩陷 (bēngxiàn)
- 搆陷/构陷 (gòuxiàn)
- 摧堅陷陣/摧坚陷阵
- 摧鋒陷陣/摧锋陷阵
- 摧陷
- 摧陷廓清
- 擠陷/挤陷
- 攻陷 (gōngxiàn)
- 構陷/构陷 (gòuxiàn)
- 沉陷 (chénxiàn)
- 深陷 (shēnxiàn)
- 淪陷/沦陷 (lúnxiàn)
- 淪陷區/沦陷区 (lúnxiànqū)
- 精神缺陷 (jīngshén quēxiàn)
- 缺陷 (quēxiàn)
- 自墜陷阱/自坠陷阱
- 蟄陷/蛰陷
- 衝堅陷陣/冲坚陷阵
- 衝鋒陷陣/冲锋陷阵 (chōngfēngxiànzhèn)
- 衝陷/冲陷 (chōngxiàn)
- 誣陷/诬陷 (wūxiàn)
- 身陷縲絏/身陷缧绁
- 陷人坑
- 陷入 (xiànrù)
- 陷入絕境/陷入绝境
- 陷坑 (xiànkēng)
- 陷堅破陣/陷坚破阵
- 陷害 (xiànhài)
- 陷沒/陷没
- 陷溺
- 陷滯/陷滞
- 陷眠 (hām-bîn) (Min Nan)
- 陷落 (xiànluò)
- 陷身 (xiànshēn)
- 陷車/陷车
- 陷阱 (xiànjǐng)
- 陷陣/陷阵 (xiànzhèn)
Japanese
[edit]陥 | |
陷 |
Kanji
[edit]陷
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 陥)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 陷 (MC heamH). Recorded as Middle Korean 함〯 (hǎm) (Yale: ham) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]陷: Hán Nôm readings: hãm, hẳm, hỏm, hoắm, hóm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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