卻

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See also: 却, 郤, and 㕁
卻 U+537B, 卻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-537B
← 卺
[U+537A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卼 →
[U+537C]

Translingual

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Japanese 却
Simplified 却
Traditional 卻

Han character

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卻 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 金口尸中 (CRSL), four-corner 87620, composition ⿰谷卩(GHTKV) or ⿰𧮫卩(J))

Derived characters

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  • 却 (Preferred form used in mainland China and Japan)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2867
  • Dae Jaweon: page 365, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 317, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+537B

Chinese

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trad. 卻
simp. 却
alternative forms
㕁
𨚫
郤
⿰厺卩
⿰谷卪
㕁
𨚫
郤
⿰厺卩
⿰谷卪
𲆕
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 卻
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (郤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腳 *kaɡ
脚 *kaɡ
卻 *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ
却 *kʰaɡ
谻 *kraɡ, *kraɡ
郤 *kʰraɡ
綌 *kʰraɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) : phonetic 𧮫 () + semantic 卩.

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • qieh4 - vernacular;
  • qyeh4 - literary.
Rime
Character 卻 卻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 藥 (107) 藥 (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 居勺切 去約切
Baxter kjak khjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨɐk̚/ /kʰɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiɐk̚/ /kʰiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiɑk̚/ /kʰiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨak̚/ /kʰɨak̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiak̚/ /kʰiak̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭak̚/ /kʰĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ak̚/ /kʰi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jue que
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		goek3 hoek3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卻
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		què
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʰak/
English decline, refuse

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卻 卻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10739 10740
Phonetic
component 		郤 郤
Rime
group 		鐸 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		腳
Old
Chinese 		/*kaɡ/ /*kʰaɡ/

Definitions

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卻

  1. to withdraw; to retreat
    退卻／退却  ―  tuìquè  ―  to retreat
  2. (literary) to drive back (enemy)
    卻敵／却敌  ―  quèdí  ―  to drive back an enemy
  3. to decline; to refuse
    推卻／推却  ―  tuīquè  ―  to decline
  4. (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with
    忘卻／忘却  ―  wàngquè  ―  to forget
    了卻／了却  ―  lequè  ―  to end
  5. (only sentence-medially) but; yet; however
    簡單卻有效的方法 [MSC, trad.]
    简单却有效的方法 [MSC, simp.]
    jiǎndān què yǒuxiào de fāngfǎ [Pinyin]
    simple yet effective way
    我喜歡你，卻不敢表達。 [MSC, trad.]
    我喜欢你，却不敢表达。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xǐhuān nǐ, què bùgǎn biǎodá. [Pinyin]
    I love you, but I do not have the courage to express it.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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卻

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”)

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): きゃく (kyaku)
  • Kun: しりぞく (shirizoku)、しりぞける (shirizokeru)、かえって (kaette)

Korean

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Hanja

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卻 (eum 각 (gak))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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卻: Hán Nôm readings: khước

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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