俄

Translingual

Han character

俄 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手戈 (OHQI), four-corner 2325₀, composition ⿰亻我)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 665
• Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 162, character 14
• Unihan data for U+4FC4

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		俄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俄
Small seal script s05857 Transcribed ancient scripts L08399 L08400
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (我) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	*ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	*ŋaːl, *ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	*ŋral, *ŋralʔ
檥	*ŋral, *ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	*ŋralʔ, *hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): é (e²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngò
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ngu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: é
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: é
    • Wade–Giles: o²
    • Yale: é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngo⁴
    • Yale: ngòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
    • Tâi-lô: gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngu
    • MiniDict: ngu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nga

Rime
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五何切
Baxter	nga
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋa/
Li Rong	/ŋɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	é
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
No.	13035
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	莪
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 俄

1. suddenly; (very) soon; presently

   俄而  ―  é'ér  ―  after a while; presently

2. tilted

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): É, È

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ, ㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngò
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ngu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: É
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: é
    • Wade–Giles: o²
    • Yale: é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: È
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: è
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴
    • Yale: è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngo⁴
    • Yale: ngòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
    • Tâi-lô: gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngu
    • MiniDict: ngu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 俄

1. Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī, “Russia”).

   俄語／俄语  ―  Éyǔ  ―  Russian language

---

Japanese

Kanji

俄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: が (ga)
• Kan-on: が (ga)
• Kun: にわか (niwaka, 俄)^{←にはか (nifaka, 俄, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 俄然(がぜん) (gazen): suddenly, abruptly
• 俄雨(にわかあめ) (niwakaame): rain shower

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
俄
にわか Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Adjective

俄(にわか) • (niwaka) ^{←にはか (nifaka)?}-na (adnominal 俄(にわか)な (niwaka na), adverbial 俄(にわか)に (niwaka ni))

1. sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand

Inflection

Inflection of 俄

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	俄だろ	にわかだろ	niwaka daro
Continuative (連用形)	俄で	にわかで	niwaka de
Terminal (終止形)	俄だ	にわかだ	niwaka da
Attributive (連体形)	俄な	にわかな	niwaka na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	俄なら	にわかなら	niwaka nara
Imperative (命令形)	俄であれ	にわかであれ	niwaka de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	俄ではない 俄じゃない	にわかではない にわかじゃない	niwaka de wa nai niwaka ja nai
Informal past	俄だった	にわかだった	niwaka datta
Informal negative past	俄ではなかった 俄じゃなかった	にわかではなかった にわかじゃなかった	niwaka de wa nakatta niwaka ja nakatta
Formal	俄です	にわかです	niwaka desu
Formal negative	俄ではありません 俄じゃありません	にわかではありません にわかじゃありません	niwaka de wa arimasen niwaka ja arimasen
Formal past	俄でした	にわかでした	niwaka deshita
Formal negative past	俄ではありませんでした 俄じゃありませんでした	にわかではありませんでした にわかじゃありませんでした	niwaka de wa arimasen deshita niwaka ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	俄で	にわかで	niwaka de
Conditional	俄なら（ば）	にわかなら（ば）	niwaka nara (ba)
Provisional	俄だったら	にわかだったら	niwaka dattara
Volitional	俄だろう	にわかだろう	niwaka darō
Adverbial	俄に	にわかに	niwaka ni
Degree	俄さ	にわかさ	niwakasa

Noun

俄(にわか) • (niwaka) ^{←にはか (nifaka)?}

1. abbreviation of 俄狂言(にわかきょうげん) (niwaka kyōgen): a farce; an impromptu comic interlude during a Noh play
2. by extension, any impromptu joke, witticism, or pun

See also

• 駄洒落(だじゃれ) (dajare): a pun, a groaner
• 地口(じぐち) (jiguchi): a pun

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
俄
が Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 俄 (MC nga).

Affix

俄(が) • (ga) 

1. sudden, abrupt, unexpected

Derived terms

• 俄然(がぜん) (gazen)

---

Korean

Hanja

俄 (eum 아 (a))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

俄: Hán Việt readings: nga (五(ngũ)何(hà)切(thiết))
俄: Nôm readings: nga, ngoa

1. Template:han tu form of
2. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

• 㗂俄 (tiếng Nga)