假

See also: 仮 and 段

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	仮
Simplified	假
Traditional	假

Han character

假 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜水 (ORYE), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰亻叚)

Derived characters

• 𠽙, 𪝪, 𫖄, 𦹜, 𣘟

Related characters

• 仮 (Japanese shinjitai)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 835
• Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 196, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5047

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		假

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 假
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s05789 Transcribed ancient scripts L35016 L35017 L35018 L35019 L35020 L35021 L35022 L35023 L35024 L35025 L35026 L35027 L17232 L17233 L17234 L17235 L17236 L17237 L17238 L17239 L17240
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
葭	*kraː
麚	*kraː
瘕	*kraː, *kraːʔ
豭	*kraː
貑	*kraː
猳	*kraː
犌	*kraː
假	*kraːʔ, *kraːs
嘏	*kraːʔ
婽	*kraːʔ
椵	*kraːʔ
叚	*kraːʔ
蝦	*qʰraː, *ɡraː
煆	*qʰraː, *qʰraːs
霞	*ɡraː
遐	*ɡraː
瑕	*ɡraː
鰕	*ɡraː
碬	*ɡraː
蕸	*ɡraː
赮	*ɡraː
鍜	*ɡraː
騢	*ɡraː
暇	*ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Etymology

to borrow; false

The sense evolved in the following manner: "to borrow" > "simulate" > "deception; false".

Cognate with Tibetan ཀར་སྐྱིན (kar skyin, “loan; thing borrowed”). An allofam is probably 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ, “to hire”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎ (jia³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ká
• Eastern Min (BUC): gā
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ké / kée / ká

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gê² / gia²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ka; ⁵cia

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chia³
    • Yale: jyǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jea
    • Palladius: цзя (czja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaa²
    • Yale: gá
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká
    • Hakka Romanization System: ga`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ga³
    • Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ké
    • Tâi-lô: ké
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kea
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ke⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kée
    • Tâi-lô: kée
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ká
    • Tâi-lô: ká
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kar
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ka⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• ké/kée - vernacular;
• ká - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gê² / gia²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ké / kiá
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke⁵²/, /kia⁵²/

Note:

• gê2 - vernacular;
• gia2 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ka; ⁵cia
    • MiniDict: ka^去; cia^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ka; ²jia
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka³⁴/, /t͡ɕia³⁴/

Note:

• 2ka - vernacular;
• 2jia - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: kaeX

Rime
Character	假
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古疋切
Baxter	kaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/kaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨX/
Li Rong	/kaX/
Wang Li	/kaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kaX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kˤraʔ/, /*kˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	假	假
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎ	jiǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ kæX ›	‹ kæX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.kˁraʔ/	/*kˁraʔ/
English	borrow; false	great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	假
Reading #	1/2
No.	5955
Phonetic component	叚
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	檟
Old Chinese	/*kraːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 假

1. to lend; to borrow; to loan

   假道伐虢  ―  jiǎdàofáguó  ―  to obtain safe passage to conquer the State of Guo

   假以時日／假以时日  ―  jiǎyǐshírì  ―  as time goes by

2. to make use of

   不假思索  ―  bùjiǎsīsuǒ  ―  without hesitation

   假借  ―  jiǎjiè  ―  to make use of; phonetic loan

3. to disguise; to fake; to pretend

   假裝／假装  ―  jiǎzhuāng  ―  to pretend

4. forged; artificial

   假貨／假货  ―  jiǎhuò  ―  counterfeit goods

   假睫毛  ―  jiǎjiémáo  ―  false eyelash

5. falsehood; deception

   真假  ―  zhēnjiǎ  ―  real and fake; authenticity

6. if; assuming

   假設／假设  ―  jiǎshè  ―  to suppose

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jià (jia⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ká / ka
• Eastern Min (BUC): gá
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kè / kèe / kà

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gê³ / gian²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ka

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jià
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jià
    • Wade–Giles: chia⁴
    • Yale: jyà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiah
    • Palladius: цзя (czja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaa³
    • Yale: ga
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / ka
    • Hakka Romanization System: ga` / ga
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ga³ / ga⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /ka⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè
    • Tâi-lô: kè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kex
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèe
    • Tâi-lô: kèe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà
    • Tâi-lô: kà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kax
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ka²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ka¹¹/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
  • kè - vernacular;
  • kà - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gê³ / gian²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kè / kiáⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke²¹³/, /kĩã⁵²/

Note:

• gê3 - vernacular;
• gian2 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ka
    • MiniDict: ka^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ka
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 假 (放假)
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕia⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕia⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕia²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕia³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕia¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕia¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕia⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕia⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕia̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕia²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕia⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ka³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/ /kɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕia³⁵/
	Tunxi	/kɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕia⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiɒ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɑ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ka³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kɑ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ka³³/
	Nanning	/kʰa³³/
	Hong Kong	/ka³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ka²¹/ /ke²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɑ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ka²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kia⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kɛ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kaeH

Rime
Character	假
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古訝切
Baxter	kaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/kaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨH/
Li Rong	/kaH/
Wang Li	/kaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	假
Reading #	2/2
No.	5961
Phonetic component	叚
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	駕
Old Chinese	/*kraːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 假

1. vacation

   病假  ―  bìngjià  ―  sick leave

   假日  ―  jiàrì  ―  holiday

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gé, jiǎ (ge², jia³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ, ㄐㄧㄚˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gé
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gé
    • Wade–Giles: ko²
    • Yale: gé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
    • Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chia³
    • Yale: jyǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jea
    • Palladius: цзя (czja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 假 (放假)
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕia⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕia⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕia²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕia³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕia¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕia¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕia⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕia⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕia²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕia̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕia²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕia⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ka³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/ /kɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕia³⁵/
	Tunxi	/kɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕia⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiɒ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɑ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ka³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kɑ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ka³³/
	Nanning	/kʰa³³/
	Hong Kong	/ka³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ka²¹/ /ke²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɑ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ka²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kia⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kɛ³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 假

1. (literary) Same as 格 (gé).

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	仮
Kyūjitai	假

Kanji

假

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仮)

1. temporary
2. interim
3. assumed (name)
4. informal

Readings

• On (unclassified): か (ka); け (ke)
• Kun: かり (kari)

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Korean

Hanja

假 (eumhun 거짓 가 (geojit ga))

1. false, fake

Hanja

假 (eumhun 이를 격 (ireul gyeok))

Compounds

• 폐가입진 (廢假立眞, pyegaipjin)

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Vietnamese

Han character

假: Hán Nôm readings: giả, giá, hạ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.