傭

See also: 佣

Translingual

Han character

傭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人戈中月 (OILB), four-corner 2022₇, composition ⿰亻庸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1007
• Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 214, character 6
• Unihan data for U+50AD

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Chinese

trad.		傭
simp.		佣*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 傭
Small seal script s05728
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	*l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	*l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	*ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong¹, yong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴ / jung²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yong
    • Wade–Giles: yung¹
    • Yale: yūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
    • Wade–Giles: yung²
    • Yale: yúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/

Note: yóng - obsolete.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung⁴ / jung²
    • Yale: yùhng / yúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴ / jung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴ / yung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
    • Tâi-lô: iong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iong⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: yowng

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Baxter	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
English	hire
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
No.	15444
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
Notes	庸轉註字見莊子

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 傭

1. servant; maid
2. to employ; to hire
3. ^† salary; wages
4. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 庸 (yōng, “ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”).

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chong
    • Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
    • Palladius: чун (čun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: trhjowng

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑凶切
Baxter	trhjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
No.	15437
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蹱
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 傭

1. ^† equal; even; fair; just

References

• “傭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

傭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. employ, hire

Readings

• Go-on: よ (yo)
• Kan-on: よう (yō)
• On: ちょう (chō)
• Kun: やとう (yatou, 傭う)

Compounds

Compounds

• 傭兵(ようへい) (yōhei): hired soldier
• 雇傭(こよう) (koyō): employment
• 試傭(しよう) (shiyō): trial employment
• 常傭(じょうよう) (jōyō): regular employment
• 被傭者(ひようしゃ) (hiyōsha): employee

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Korean

Hanja

傭 • (yong, chung) (hangeul 용, 충, revised yong, chung, McCune–Reischauer yong, ch'ung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.